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Intro to Audiology > Week10 > Flashcards

Week10 Flashcards

1
Q

How the pinna contributes to sound localization

A

via sound being captured and funneled by different parts of the pinna

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2
Q

Which portion of ear canal contains cerumen glands

A

lateral 1/3 (skin over cartilage, also contains hair)

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3
Q

Ear canal portion with skin over bone

A

Medial 2/3

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4
Q

Microtia Definition

A

congenital abnormality of the pinna

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5
Q

Microtia Hearing loss type

A

; can cause conductive loss if ear canal absent

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6
Q

Microtia treatment

A

prosthetic pinna or graft surgery

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7
Q

Anotia Definition

A

complete absence of pinna

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8
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Definition

A

most common form of skin cancer

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9
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Hearing loss type

A

No conductive loss

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10
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment

A

treatable when detected early with medical referral

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11
Q

Atresia Definition

A

absence of ear canal (cartilaginous or bony portion) (often occurs with microtia)

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12
Q

Atresia hearing loss type

A

Causes conductive loss

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13
Q

Atresia Treatment

A

Surgical creation of ear canal

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14
Q

Stenosis definition

A

narrow ear canal

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15
Q

Stenosis hearing loss

A

sometimes causes conductive loss; cerumen and debris accumulation may be a problem

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16
Q

Stenosis Treatment

A

Reconstructive surgery

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17
Q

Collapsing ear canals definition

A

Pressure on pinna causes ear canal wall to block opening (can observe by pressing on pt’s pinna; most common in very young and very elderly pts)

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18
Q

Collapsing ear canals hearing loss

A

Not a pathology, but will cause a conductive loss if using supra-aural headphones; remedied using insert headphones

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19
Q

External Otitis Definition

A

-bacterial infection of ear canal caused by water in ear, allergens, or fungus;

-symptoms=redness, itching, and otalgia

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20
Q

External Otitis hearing loss type

A

-may cause conductive loss if ear canal becomes swollen;

-procedures involving inserting anything into the ear canal are contraindicated (could not test)

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21
Q

External Otitis treatment

A

antibiotics

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22
Q

Exostoses Definition

A

-Protrusion of bony portion of ear canal; can be caused by repeated exposure to cold water

-may occlude ear canal or interfere with cleaning action if ear canal very large.

-May be a contraindication to ear impression for hearing aids

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23
Q

Exostoses treatment

A

Surgical removal

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24
Q

Osteoma Definition

A

-benign bony growth in ear canal;

-may occlude ear canal or interfere with cleaning action if ear canal very large.

-May be a contraindication to ear impression for hearing aids

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25
Q

Osteoma treatmen

A

Surgical removal

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26
Q

Cerumen Impaction definition

A

Some ears produce excessive cerumen; small and narrow ear canals are susceptible to cerumen impaction; hearing aids

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27
Q

Cerumen Impaction hearing loss type

A

causes conductive loss if there is a complete blockage of the ear canal (cerumen impaction)

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28
Q

Cerumen impaction treatment

A

-irrigation, suction, and mechanical removal;

-ear canal lacerations and bleeding are common complications.

–refer to ENT/physician if pt has diabetes, ear surgery history, etc.

29
Q

Foreign body in ear canal definition

A

Foreign object stuck in ear canal

30
Q

Foreign body in ear canal hearing loss type

A

may cause cerumen impaction, external otitis, and/or conductive loss

31
Q

Foreign body in ear canal treatment

A

removal by physicians

32
Q

Otoscopy of Middle Ear Disorders

A

Abnormal

33
Q

Tympanometry of Middle ear disorders

A

Abnormal; not Type A

34
Q

Acoustic Reflexes of Middle Ear Disorders

A

Absent in ear with probe

35
Q

OAEs of Middle Ear Disorders

A

Absent

36
Q

ABR of Middle Ear disorders

A

Threshold outside normal range, absolute latency of all waves delayed, normal interpeak latencies

37
Q

Pure Tone Threshold of Middle Ear Disorders

A

Air-conduction thresholds outside normal range, bone-conduction thresholds in normal range, air-bone gaps >10 dB

38
Q

Speech Audiometry of Middle Ear Disorders

A

-SRT within +/- 10 dB of PTA,

-Word recognition will be excellent but requires higher intensity level than normal hearing

39
Q

Why children are more susceptible to otitis media than adults

A

Children have Eustachian tubes that are shorter, more horizontal, and have a smaller diameter than adults; bacteria enters more easily and has a harder time leaving; less developed immune systems as well

40
Q

Tympanic Membrane Perforation definition

A

caused by trauma, infection, and abrupt pressure change

41
Q

Tympanic Membrane Perforation conductive loss

A

amount of conductive loss depends on size and location of perforation

42
Q

Tympanic Membrane Perforation Tympanogram

A

Tympanogram: Type B with large volume

43
Q

Tympanic Membrane Perforation Treatment

A

May require surgical care depending on size and location/skin graft

44
Q

Tympanosclerosis definition

A

: thickening of tympanic membrane, may cause calcium plaques; often occurs after otitis media

45
Q

Tympanosclerosis Tympanogram

A

Type As

46
Q

Tympanosclerosis Conductive Loss

A

May cause conductive loss if excessive and affecting ossicles

47
Q

Tympanosclerosis treatment

A

surgery or amplification if causing hearing loss

48
Q

Negative Middle Ear Pressure Definition

A

-Caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction

-can result in aural fullness and discomfort

49
Q

Negative Middle Ear Pressure Tympanogram

A

Type C

50
Q

Negative Middle Ear Pressure Conductive Loss

A

May cause conductive loss if excessive

51
Q

Negative Middle Ear Pressure Treatment

A

-Self-insufflation,

-allergy/decongestant medicine,

-Myringotomy (incision in tympanic membrane),

-Pressure Equalization tubes

52
Q

Otitis Media Definition

A

-Infection of middle ear space caused by: Eustachian tube dysfunction, Upper respiratory infection, Bacteria or virus, Swelling of adenoids;

-susceptibility is influenced by health, demographics, and environmental factors;

-90% of children will have at least one episode by 5 years of age

53
Q

Otitis Media Tympanogram

A

Tympanogram: Type B with normal ear canal volume

54
Q

Otitis Media Conductive Loss

A

Mild to moderately severe

55
Q

Otitis Media treatment

A

Wait and See

-antibiotics

-PE tubes

56
Q

Pressure Equalization (PE) Tubes Definition

A

-Allow for ventilation of middle ear space;

-incision is made in tympanic membrane and tube is inserted by physician;

-size and placement of tube are designed to minimize effects on sound transmission

57
Q

PE tubes Tympanogram

A

Type B large volume=tube is open and functional;

Type B with normal volume= tube is plugged

Type A= tube is not in place but tympanic membrane is functioning normally

58
Q

PE tube OAEs

A

present if tube is open and outer hair cells are functional, if absent, may be due to plugged tube and/or outer hair cell dysfunction

59
Q

Cholesteatoma Definition

A

-Pseudotumor in middle ear space: collection of skin entering middle ear space through tympanic membrane retraction or perforation

-if untreated, will grow and erode ossicles and mastoid bone;

-Symptoms include conductive hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation, otalgia, and otorrhea

60
Q

Cholesteatoma Tympanogram

A

Type B with large volume (perforation);

61
Q

Cholesteatoma Treatment

A

surgical removal

62
Q

Ossicular Discontinuity Definition

A

Caused by trauma, cholesteatoma, and chronic otitis media;

63
Q

Ossicular Discontinuity Conductive Loss

A

Yes

64
Q

Ossicular Discontinuity Tympanogram

A

Type Ad

65
Q

Ossicular Discontinuity Treatment

A

Surgical repair (ossiculoplasty) or hearing aid

66
Q

Otosclerosis Definition

A

Bony growth on stapes that fixes it in place; more common in females

67
Q

Otosclerosis Conductive Loss

A

Yes

68
Q

Otosclerosis Tympanogram

A

Type As (in some cases, may actually be Type A; regardless of type, acoustic reflexes are absent due to fixation of stapes)

69
Q

Otosclerosis Treatment

A

Stapedectomy or hearing aid

Intro to Audiology (6 decks)

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