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Intro to Audiology > Week10 > Flashcards

Week10 Flashcards

1
Q

How the pinna contributes to sound localization

A

via sound being captured and funneled by different parts of the pinna

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2
Q

Which portion of ear canal contains cerumen glands

A

lateral 1/3 (skin over cartilage, also contains hair)

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3
Q

Ear canal portion with skin over bone

A

Medial 2/3

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4
Q

Microtia Definition

A

congenital abnormality of the pinna

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5
Q

Microtia Hearing loss type

A

; can cause conductive loss if ear canal absent

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6
Q

Microtia treatment

A

prosthetic pinna or graft surgery

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7
Q

Anotia Definition

A

complete absence of pinna

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8
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Definition

A

most common form of skin cancer

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9
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Hearing loss type

A

No conductive loss

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10
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment

A

treatable when detected early with medical referral

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11
Q

Atresia Definition

A

absence of ear canal (cartilaginous or bony portion) (often occurs with microtia)

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12
Q

Atresia hearing loss type

A

Causes conductive loss

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13
Q

Atresia Treatment

A

Surgical creation of ear canal

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14
Q

Stenosis definition

A

narrow ear canal

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15
Q

Stenosis hearing loss

A

sometimes causes conductive loss; cerumen and debris accumulation may be a problem

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16
Q

Stenosis Treatment

A

Reconstructive surgery

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17
Q

Collapsing ear canals definition

A

Pressure on pinna causes ear canal wall to block opening (can observe by pressing on pt’s pinna; most common in very young and very elderly pts)

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18
Q

Collapsing ear canals hearing loss

A

Not a pathology, but will cause a conductive loss if using supra-aural headphones; remedied using insert headphones

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19
Q

External Otitis Definition

A

-bacterial infection of ear canal caused by water in ear, allergens, or fungus;

-symptoms=redness, itching, and otalgia

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20
Q

External Otitis hearing loss type

A

-may cause conductive loss if ear canal becomes swollen;

-procedures involving inserting anything into the ear canal are contraindicated (could not test)

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21
Q

External Otitis treatment

A

antibiotics

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22
Q

Exostoses Definition

A

-Protrusion of bony portion of ear canal; can be caused by repeated exposure to cold water

-may occlude ear canal or interfere with cleaning action if ear canal very large.

-May be a contraindication to ear impression for hearing aids

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23
Q

Exostoses treatment

A

Surgical removal

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24
Q

Osteoma Definition

A

-benign bony growth in ear canal;

-may occlude ear canal or interfere with cleaning action if ear canal very large.

-May be a contraindication to ear impression for hearing aids

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25
Osteoma treatmen
Surgical removal
26
Cerumen Impaction definition
Some ears produce excessive cerumen; small and narrow ear canals are susceptible to cerumen impaction; hearing aids
27
Cerumen Impaction hearing loss type
causes conductive loss if there is a complete blockage of the ear canal (cerumen impaction)
28
Cerumen impaction treatment
-irrigation, suction, and mechanical removal; -ear canal lacerations and bleeding are common complications. –refer to ENT/physician if pt has diabetes, ear surgery history, etc.
29
Foreign body in ear canal definition
Foreign object stuck in ear canal
30
Foreign body in ear canal hearing loss type
may cause cerumen impaction, external otitis, and/or conductive loss
31
Foreign body in ear canal treatment
removal by physicians
32
Otoscopy of Middle Ear Disorders
Abnormal
33
Tympanometry of Middle ear disorders
Abnormal; not Type A
34
Acoustic Reflexes of Middle Ear Disorders
Absent in ear with probe
35
OAEs of Middle Ear Disorders
Absent
36
ABR of Middle Ear disorders
Threshold outside normal range, absolute latency of all waves delayed, normal interpeak latencies
37
Pure Tone Threshold of Middle Ear Disorders
Air-conduction thresholds outside normal range, bone-conduction thresholds in normal range, air-bone gaps >10 dB
38
Speech Audiometry of Middle Ear Disorders
-SRT within +/- 10 dB of PTA, -Word recognition will be excellent but requires higher intensity level than normal hearing
39
Why children are more susceptible to otitis media than adults
Children have Eustachian tubes that are shorter, more horizontal, and have a smaller diameter than adults; bacteria enters more easily and has a harder time leaving; less developed immune systems as well
40
Tympanic Membrane Perforation definition
caused by trauma, infection, and abrupt pressure change
41
Tympanic Membrane Perforation conductive loss
amount of conductive loss depends on size and location of perforation
42
Tympanic Membrane Perforation Tympanogram
Tympanogram: Type B with large volume
43
Tympanic Membrane Perforation Treatment
May require surgical care depending on size and location/skin graft
44
Tympanosclerosis definition
: thickening of tympanic membrane, may cause calcium plaques; often occurs after otitis media
45
Tympanosclerosis Tympanogram
Type As
46
Tympanosclerosis Conductive Loss
May cause conductive loss if excessive and affecting ossicles
47
Tympanosclerosis treatment
surgery or amplification if causing hearing loss
48
Negative Middle Ear Pressure Definition
-Caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction -can result in aural fullness and discomfort
49
Negative Middle Ear Pressure Tympanogram
Type C
50
Negative Middle Ear Pressure Conductive Loss
May cause conductive loss if excessive
51
Negative Middle Ear Pressure Treatment
-Self-insufflation, -allergy/decongestant medicine, -Myringotomy (incision in tympanic membrane), -Pressure Equalization tubes
52
Otitis Media Definition
-Infection of middle ear space caused by: Eustachian tube dysfunction, Upper respiratory infection, Bacteria or virus, Swelling of adenoids; -susceptibility is influenced by health, demographics, and environmental factors; -90% of children will have at least one episode by 5 years of age
53
Otitis Media Tympanogram
Tympanogram: Type B with normal ear canal volume
54
Otitis Media Conductive Loss
Mild to moderately severe
55
Otitis Media treatment
Wait and See -antibiotics -PE tubes
56
Pressure Equalization (PE) Tubes Definition
-Allow for ventilation of middle ear space; -incision is made in tympanic membrane and tube is inserted by physician; -size and placement of tube are designed to minimize effects on sound transmission
57
PE tubes Tympanogram
Type B large volume=tube is open and functional; Type B with normal volume= tube is plugged Type A= tube is not in place but tympanic membrane is functioning normally
58
PE tube OAEs
present if tube is open and outer hair cells are functional, if absent, may be due to plugged tube and/or outer hair cell dysfunction
59
Cholesteatoma Definition
-Pseudotumor in middle ear space: collection of skin entering middle ear space through tympanic membrane retraction or perforation -if untreated, will grow and erode ossicles and mastoid bone; -Symptoms include conductive hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation, otalgia, and otorrhea
60
Cholesteatoma Tympanogram
Type B with large volume (perforation);
61
Cholesteatoma Treatment
surgical removal
62
Ossicular Discontinuity Definition
Caused by trauma, cholesteatoma, and chronic otitis media;
63
Ossicular Discontinuity Conductive Loss
Yes
64
Ossicular Discontinuity Tympanogram
Type Ad
65
Ossicular Discontinuity Treatment
Surgical repair (ossiculoplasty) or hearing aid
66
Otosclerosis Definition
Bony growth on stapes that fixes it in place; more common in females
67
Otosclerosis Conductive Loss
Yes
68
Otosclerosis Tympanogram
Type As (in some cases, may actually be Type A; regardless of type, acoustic reflexes are absent due to fixation of stapes)
69
Otosclerosis Treatment
Stapedectomy or hearing aid

Intro to Audiology (6 decks)

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