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Intro to Audiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Where high frequencies resonate on the basilar membrane

A

Base

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2
Q

Where low frequencies resonate on the basilar membrane

A

Apex

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3
Q

Number of Outer Hair Cells

A

12,000 (3 rows)

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4
Q

Number of Inner Hair Cells

A

3,500 (1 row)

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5
Q

Structure of cochlear amplifier

A

Outer Hair Cells

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6
Q

2 Benefits of the Cochlear Amplifier

A
  1. Improved sensitivity to soft sounds
  2. Improved frequency discrimination
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7
Q

Loss of Cochlear Amplifier Effects on Threshold

A

Thresholds will be outside normal range

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8
Q

Loss of Cochlear Amplifier Effect of Word Recognition

A

-Reduced word recognition abilities, especially in background noise

-Due to reduced frequency discrimination

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9
Q

Percentage of childhood hearing loss due to genetics

A

50-60%

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10
Q

Percentage of hearing loss that is non-syndromic

A

70%

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11
Q

Autosomal Dominant

A

Mutated gene inherited from one parent

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12
Q

Autosomal Recessive

A

Mutated gene inherited from both parents

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13
Q

X-linked

A

Mutated gene from mother passes to son

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14
Q

Non-organic hearing loss definition

A

False or exaggerated hearing loss

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15
Q

Appropriate synonym for non-organic hearing loss

A

Pseudohypacusis

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16
Q

Inappropriate terms for non-organic hearing loss

A

-Malingering
-Feigning
-Faking
-Psychogenic hearing loss
-Hysterical deafness

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17
Q

A-weighting

A

Sensitivity across frequencies resembles that of the human ear

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18
Q

NIOSH Exchange Rate

A

3 dB rate starting at 85 dB (A) at 8 hours, cut time in half every 3 dB

(120 dB=7sec)

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19
Q

OSHA Exchange Rate

A

5 dB rate starting at 90 dB (A) at 90 dB (A), cut time in half

(120 dB=7.5 minutes)

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20
Q

Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)

A

Number used to represent effectiveness of hearing protection devices

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21
Q

SOAP: S

A

Subjective: Reason or visit; subjective observations; case history

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22
Q

SOAP: O

A

Objective: Tests/procedures completed; findings and test conditions

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23
Q

SOAP: A

A

Assessment: Summary of S & O to provide a diagnostic statement and implications of findings

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24
Q

SOAP: P

A

Plan: Appropriate recommendations and follow-up

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25
Q

CPT Code

A

Current Procedural Terminology:

-5-digit code for procedures and services
-Managed by AMA
-Used for documentation and Reimbursement

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26
Q

ICD

A

International Classification of Disease:

-Global standard for reporting and monitoring diseases
-Represented by 3-7 characters
-Current version is ICD-11

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27
Q

ICF

A

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health:

-Created by WHO
-Considers relationships between health condition, body functions and structures, activities and participation, & environmental and personal factors

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28
Q

Professionals Audiologists refer patients to

A

-SLP
-ENT
-Psychologist
-Genetic Counselor

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29
Q

2 Goals of Amplification

A
  1. Increase audibility of sounds
  2. Ensure comfort for loud sounds
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30
Q

Microphone function

A

Converts acoustic signal into electrical signal

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31
Q

Processor function

A

Filters and amplifies electrical signal

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32
Q

Receiver function

A

Converts electrical signal into acoustic signal

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33
Q

CROS Hearing Aid

A

Contralateral Routing of Signal:

-Used for profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

-Sound delivered wirelessly to opposite (good) ear with receiver

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34
Q

Blue Battery Number

A

675

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35
Q

Orange Battery Number

A

13

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36
Q

Brown Battery Number

A

312

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37
Q

Yellow Batter Number

A

10

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38
Q

675 Battery Color

A

Blue

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39
Q

13 Battery Color

A

Orange

40
Q

312 Battery Color

A

Brown

41
Q

10 Battery Color

A

Yellow

42
Q

Feedback

A

Amplified sound escapes out of ear canal, reaches microphone, and becomes further amplified, resulting in a “whistling” or “squealing” sound

43
Q

Occlusion Effect

A

Increase in amplitude of bone conducted sound due to earmold plugging up ear canal

44
Q

5 Steps to Obtain a Hearing Aid

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Hearing Aid Evaluation
  3. Verification & Orientation
  4. Initial Follow-Up (1-2 Weeks after fitting)
  5. Routine Follow-Up Appointments (Every 6-12 months, or as needed)
45
Q

Verification

A

Determine if hearing aid is functioning the way you intended

46
Q

Orientation

A

Instructioning patient to proper care, use, and expectations

47
Q

Validation

A

Determine if hearing aids are making a positive impact on communication

48
Q

Real Ear Measures

A

-Used to determine if hearing aids are providing appropriate amplification

-Probe mic placed in ear, recorded speech is presented, output is measured by probe

49
Q

Electroacoustic Check

A

Measurements to ensure that the hearing aid is functioning according to the manufacture’s specifications

50
Q

Listening Check Components

A

-Visual Check
-Check Battery with tester
-Does it turn on?
-Amplify sound?
-Cut in and out?
-Do buttons work?
-Static or distortion?
-Feedback?
-Say the Ling 6 sounds

51
Q

Professionals who can preform a listening check

A

-SLP
-Audiologist

52
Q

Ling 6 Sounds

A

-Span range from low to high frequency speech sounds

-Determine if they sound clear to you

-oo, ee, ah, s, sh, m

53
Q

Nonlinear gain

A

Provides more gain for soft sounds, less gain for loud sounds (for audibility and comfort)

54
Q

FM System

A

-Speaker wears wireless mic with FM transmitter

-Listener wears FM receiver

-Speaker’s voice directly sent to listener’s ear

-Reduces impact of background noise and reverberation

55
Q

Telecoil

A

-A wire built into hearing aids that captures an electromagnetic signal from phones and looped rooms

-Has improved signal-to-noise ratio

56
Q

Assistive Listening Devices

A

-Used to improve signal-to-noise ratio and alert listeners with hearing loss

-Can be used alone or with amplification

57
Q

Bone Anchored Hearing Aid Components

A

-Titanium abutment implanted into mastoid bone
-External sound processor attaches to abutment
-Processor includes microphone, amplifier, and bone oscillator

58
Q

Bone Anchored Hearing Aid Candidates

A

-Permanent bilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss
-Profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (single-sided deafness)

59
Q

Middle Ear Implant Components

A

-Audio Processor
-Implanted receiver
-Transducer placed on ossicles

60
Q

Middle Ear Implant Candidates

A

-Sensorineural, conductive, or mixed hearing loss

61
Q

Part of auditory system that cochlear implants stimulate

A

Stimulate Auditory Nerve electrically

62
Q

What parts do cochlear implants bypass?

A

Outer, middle, and inner ear

63
Q

External Cochlear Implant Parts

A

-Microphone
-Processor
-Volume Control
-Battery
-Headpiece

64
Q

Internal Cochlear Implant Parts

A

-Magnet
-Coil
-Electrode Array

65
Q

Number of Electrodes in a Cochlear Impant

A

12 to 22

66
Q

Steps to get a Cochlear Implant

A
  1. Diagnostic Hearing Evaluation
  2. Cochlear Implant Evaluation
  3. Surgery
  4. Initial Activation (2-4 weeks after surgery)
  5. Routine follow-up appointments for life
67
Q

Cochlear Implant Evaluation Components

A

-Medical Evaluation including CT scan
-Audiologic Evaluation including testing with hearing aids
-Cochlear implant counseling/orientation

68
Q

Cochlear Implant Candidacy for Adults

A

-Bilateral moderate sloping to profound sensorineural hearing loss

-Limited benefit from hearing aids

-Single-sided deafness

69
Q

Cochlear Implant Candidacy for ages 2-17

A

-Bilateral severe sloping to profound sensorineural hearing loss

-Limited benefit from hearing aids

-Scores of </= 30% on pediatric speech recognition test

70
Q

Cochlear Implant Candidacy for ages 9-24 months

A

-Bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss

-Limited benefit from hearing aids

71
Q

Measure of Cochlear Implant Outcomes for Adults

A

Word and sentence recognition

72
Q

Measure of Cochlear Implant Outcomes for Children

A

-Speech recognition
-Speech production
-Language Development

73
Q

Who shows the best outcomes with Cochlear implant patients?

A

-Post-lingually deafened adults

-Children implanted before age 2

74
Q

Cochlear Implant Team Members

A

-Family/patient
-Surgeon (neurotologist)
-Audiologist
-SLP
-Pediatrician
-Teacher

75
Q

Cochlear Implant Programming

A

-Mapping

-Implant connected to computer interface, audiologist controls stimulation to implant

-Involves finding theshold and comfortable loudness level at each individual electrode

-Ensure speech is audible and comfortable

-Performed routinely on each patient

76
Q

Hybrid Cochlear Implant

A

-Only a short electrode is inserted into the base of the cochlea to stimulate high frequencies

-Also functions as an air conduction hearing aid to amplify low frequencies acoustically

77
Q

Hybrid Cochlear Implant Candidates

A

For patients with better low frequency hearing who do not qualify for a standard cochlear implant

78
Q

Auditory Brainstem Implant

A

Where electrode array is placed on cochlear nucleus instead of inside cochlea

79
Q

Auditory Brainstem Candidates

A

-Bilateral Acoustic Neuromas (NF-2)
-Ossified Cochlea
-Abnormal or Absent Auditory Nerve

80
Q

Systems used in the sense of balance

A

-Vision
-Vestibular System
-Proprioception

81
Q

Horizontal Canal Motion

A

Turning head left and right

82
Q

Superior Canal Motion

A

Nodding head up and down

83
Q

Posterior Canal Motion

A

Touching ear to shoulder or doing a cartwheel

84
Q

Utricle motion

A

Horizontal acceleration like a car

85
Q

Saccule Motion

A

Vertical acceleration like riding an elevator

86
Q

Vestibulo-Occular Reflex (VOR) purpose

A

Allows stable image on retina during head rotation

87
Q

Nystagmus

A

-Involuntary eye movement
-Vestibular disorders can cause abnormally high or low amounts of nystagmus

88
Q

Benign Paroxsymal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) definition

A

Otoconia become displaced into semicircular canals, causing them to become stimulated by gravity (vertigo, imbalance, nausea)

89
Q

BPPV Diagnosis technique

A

Dix-Hallpike Maneuver

90
Q

BPPV Treatment

A

Epley Maneuver

91
Q

Tinnitus Definition

A

Phantom perception of sound in ears/head (ringing, buzzing, chirping, clicking, etc.)

92
Q

How many Americans are affected by Tinnitus?

A

-20 million with burdensome tinnitus
-2.5 million with severe or debilitating tinnitus

93
Q

Damage to what part of ear causes tinnitus?

A

Any part: outer, middle, inner, or CNS

94
Q

Does tinnitus always occur with hearing loss?

A

No

95
Q

Tinnitus Management

A

-Counseling
-Masking noises

96
Q

Hyperacusis Definition

A

Abnormal perception of loudness

97
Q

Misophonia Definition

A

Abnormal emotional reaction to certain sounds

Intro to Audiology (6 decks)

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