Week1) The Nature of sciences

Question 1

The nature of science

Answer 1

• Understand the natural world thought observation and reasoning
• begins with observations- much of science is descriptive
  1. Clasification of all life on earth
  2. Human Genome sequencing

Question 2

Characteristics of all living organism

Answer 2

1. Cellular organization
2. Ordered complexity
3. Sensitivity
4. Growth, development and reproduction
5. Energy utilization
6. homeostasis (stability)
7. Evolutionary adaptation

Question 3

Hierachical organization- Cellular level

Answer 3

• Macromolecules- huge versions of……
• Tissue-> organ-> Organ system-> organism
• population-> species-> community-> ecosystem-> biosphere

Question 4

Science used both dedcutive and inductive reasoning

Deductive

Answer 4

reasoning(top down logic) uses general principles to make specific predictions

Question 5

Inductive

Answer 5

reasoning(bottom up logic) uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

Question 6

Hypothesis-driven science

Answer 6

• Scientists use a systematic approach to gain understanding of the natural world- known as scientific method
  1. observation
  2. hypothesis information
  3. prediction
  4. Experimentation
  5. conclusion

Question 7

Hypothesis-drivewn science (cont.)

Answer 7

• Hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation
• must be tested to determine its validity
• is often tested in many different ways
• allows predation to be made

Question 8

This process can be iterative

Answer 8

• Hypothesis can be changed and refined with new data

Question 9

Hypothesis-driven science (cont.)

Answer 9

• Experiment
• tests the hypothesis
• must be carefully design to test only one variable at a time
• Consists of a test experiment and a control experiment

Question 10

Predictions

Answer 10

• Hypothesis- make predictions
• provide a was to test validity of hypothesis
• hypothesis must be rejected if the experiment produces results inconsistent with the predictions
• the more experimentally supported predictions a hypothesis makes, the more valid the hypothesis

Question 11

Scientific method

Answer 11

observations, hypothesis, experimental design, results, conclusion