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Organic Chemistry > Week1 > Flashcards

Week1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry of compounds that contain the element carbon

A

Organic chemistry

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2
Q

Key structural features of living organisms

A

Carbon atom

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3
Q

What was the first period of organic chemistry all about?

A

The general advancement of organic chemistry

• The vital force theory (vitalism)
Organic compounds were only those that came from living organisms, living things could synthesize organic compounds through the intervention of vital force

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4
Q

Who synthesize urea?

A

Friedrich Wöhler (1828)

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5
Q

What was the second period of organic chemistry all about?

A

August Kekulé, Archibald Scott Couper, and Alexander M. Butlerov
- they suggested that each substance are defined by specific arrangement of atoms

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6
Q

What are the two central ideas of structural theory

A
  1. The atoms of molecules are held together by bonds and that atoms has the same number of bonds with its most stable compounds. The measure of this ability is called valence.
  2. The carbon atoms are the key structural features and that concept is used to predict the large molecules containing network of carbon atoms.
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7
Q

It is generally forms of four bonds

A

Tetravalent
Ex: Carbon

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8
Q

It is generally form of three bonds

A

Trivalent
Ex: Nitrogen

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9
Q

It is generally form of two bonds

A

Divalent
Ex: Oxygen

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10
Q

It is generally form of only one bond

A

Monovalent
Ex: Hydrogen
Halogens ( F, Cl, Br, I)

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11
Q

What is stereochemistry

A

It is the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation

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12
Q

Molecules having the same molecular structure and sequence of bonded atoms but differing three dimensional orientation of atoms in space

A

Stereoisomers

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13
Q

What is compounds

A

These are made up of elements combined in different proportions

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14
Q

What is elements

A

These are made up of atoms

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15
Q

What consist of atoms

A

It is consist of a dense, positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons and is surrounding cloud of electrons

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16
Q

It is atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and does different A

A

Isotopes

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17
Q

It is weighted average mass in atomic mass unit of an element’s naturally occurring isotopes

A

Atomic mass/ atomic weight

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18
Q

It is the most important shell

A

Valence shell

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19
Q

It is the outermost shell

A

Valence shell

20
Q

The electrons of this shell are the ones that an atom uses in making chemical bonds

A

Valence shell

21
Q

The tendency for an atom to achieve a configuration where its valence shell contains eight electrons

A

Octet rule

22
Q

It is formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another atom to create ions

A

Ionic (electrovalent) bonds

23
Q

It is formed when atoms share electrons

A

Covalent bonds

24
Q

(Ionic character)
EN diff <0.5

A

Covalent bond

25
Q

(Ionic character)
0.5 - 2.0

A

Polar covalent bond

26
Q

Two major types of bonds

A

Ionic (electrovalent) bond
Covalent bond

27
Q

Atoms may gain or lose electrons and form charge particles called

A

Ions

28
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

It is a measure of the ability of an atoms to attract electrons

29
Q

What is the most electronegative element?

A

Fluorine

30
Q

What is the least electronegative element?

A

Cesium

31
Q

It feature relatively pure covalent bonds

A

Homonuclear diatomic molecules

32
Q

Types of covalent bond

A

Polar covalent bond
Nonpolar covalent bond
Coordinate covalent bond

33
Q

Exist between identical atoms, electrically uniform, and the sharing of electrons is equal

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

34
Q

Exist between unlike atoms and the electrons are shared unequally

A

Polar covalent bond

35
Q

Is the withdrawal of electrons toward oxygen

A

Induction

36
Q

Causes the formation of partial positive and partial negative charges

A

Induction

37
Q

Induction is symbolized by the Greek symbol

A

Delta

38
Q

Coordinate covalent bonds also known as

A

Dative or coordinate bond

39
Q

It exist when one of the 2 atoms bonded supports all of the shared electrons

A

Coordinate covalent bond

40
Q

Is a graphical representation of the electron distribution around atoms

A

Lewis structure

41
Q

It is used to predict the number and type of bonds that may be formed around an atom as well as the geometry of a molecule

A

Lewis structure

42
Q

Two atoms are held by one electron pair

A

Single bond

43
Q

Two atoms sharing two electron pairs

A

Double bond

44
Q

Two atoms sharing three electron pairs

A

Triple bond

45
Q

It is the special ability of carbon atoms to form bond with another carbon

A

Catenation

46
Q

Synthesis of urea

A

Ammonium cyanate decomposes into ammonia and cyanic acid and these two reacts reversibly to form urea

Organic Chemistry (8 decks)

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