Week Two - Anxiety Flashcards
1
Q
Two main features on an anxiety disorder
A
- Fear = The emotional response to real/perceived threat
- Anxiety= The anticipation of a future threat (eg. Muscle tension)
2
Q
DSM-5 Criteria for General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
A
- Worrying for at least 6m , more often than not
- Accompanied by 3+ physical/cognitive symptoms (1+ in children)
3
Q
NHS Features of GAD
A
- Sense of dread, decreased self esteem
- Shortness of breath, stomach ache, pins and needles
4
Q
Explain the concept of the anxiety cycle
A
- Often maintained through avoidance behaviours
- Anxiety Causing Situation = Thinking/planning self in situation = Pre-situational anxiety = Avoidance = Feeling better (but maintained anxiety)
5
Q
Explain the role of Adrenalin in anxiety
A
- ANS activation resulting in physical symptoms
- Prioritises short term resources, rather than maintenance of LT
6
Q
Epidemiology of anxiety
A
- Most prevalent MH disorder
- Up to 33.7% of population affected
- [Reme et al] systematic review : higher prevalence in chronic physical illness/ vulnerable stigma/ cog impairments
7
Q
Co-Morbidity of anxiety
A
- High overlap with other disorders, particularly within anxiety diagnosis (eg. GAD with separation anxiety)
- 63% of those with anxiety have depressive disorder
8
Q
How can medication help with anxiety
A
- Anxiolytic Drug Therapy (eg. Clonzaepam)
- Medication best used alongside therapy
9
Q
How is CBT useful in easing anxiety?
A
- Based on a situation having more of an impact on reaction
- Helps evaluate distorted perceptions
- SITUATION= AUTOMATIC THOUGHT = REACTION= EMOTION/BEHAVIOUR/PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE
10
Q
Explain the features of REMBT and how it works in relation to anxiety
A
- Evidence focused CBT
- Goal = change irrational thoughts to rational ones
- Challenge false beliefs though reality testing
11
Q
How can mindfulness ease anxiety?
A
- Focused on attention at present moment
- Aware of thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations
- eg. Meditation, yoga, breathing
12
Q
Describe the features of separation anxiety disorder
A
- Persistent anxiety beyond development level in relation to separation of attachment figure
- Associated with panic attacks , diagnostic criteria of nightmares/repeated physical symptoms/ sleepover refusal
- Accompanied with distress when separated, persistent worry around death or loss, and worry about experiencing event itself
13
Q
Physiology of Separation Anxiety
A
- Early exposure to traumatic events (altering caregiver bond = altered functioning of oxytocin receptors)
- Risk of internalising symptoms in neonatal period
14
Q
Aetiology of separation anxiety
A
- Family history of depression/anxiety (first degree relatives)
- Traumatic seperation
- Early separation
15
Q
General treatment of Separation Anxiety
A
- CBT / Low intensity CBT
- Some effectiveness of pharmacological treatments
