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PSY302 - Lifespan Developmental Psychology > Week Twelve - Ageing > Flashcards

Week Twelve - Ageing Flashcards

1
Q

When does maintenance of the body system start to diminish?

A

from 50 years

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2
Q

What is senescence?

A

Degenerative phase of ageing

it is universal, progressive and leads to failure of organism

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3
Q

What is the cellular theory of ageing?

A

Continuous exposure to toxins, pollutants, free radicals leads to genetic errors in cell replication

Ageing = more cells with error

Cell error leads to cell death which leads to organism death

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4
Q

What is the programming theory of ageing?

A

Max lifespan is preset by genetic factors

You can shorten your life but the max is predetermined

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5
Q

Thing to be careful with in cross-sectional studies?

A

cohort effects (eg war, famine or an age group) - may overestimate age decline

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6
Q

What 2 types of study designs do we use in ageing?

A

cross-sectional and longitudinal

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7
Q

What kind of things decline/change with age?

A

Motor, sensory and intellectual functioning
Skin, bones and muscles change
CV changes

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8
Q

What physical changes occur in the brain as we age?

A

Brain weight/mass decreases steadily over adulthood but more so after 60

Neuronal loss occurs

Blood flow is decreased

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9
Q

Changes in sensation/perception during ageing?

A

difficulties in processing/interpreting sensory information (can typically compensate for such deficits)

> 2 impairments = issues

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10
Q

Losses in sensation/perception take what two forms?

A

Increased sensory thresholds (need louder, more stimulating)

Decreased sensitivity to low-level stimulation

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11
Q

What declines occur in vision?

A

All components of visual system change with age

  • pupils are smaller, less adaptive
  • lens becomes denser, less flexible

visual acuity steadily declines in old age (more so in women)

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12
Q

Ageing and attention

A

Older adults less able to divide attention

Also problems selectively attending to stimuli while ignoring others

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13
Q

Hearing and ageing

A

hearing issues 3x more likely than visual

age-related hearing problems originate in inner ear (more men)

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14
Q

Speech perception is dependent upon? (2)

A

hearing and cognitive processes

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15
Q

To understand conversation, what is important?

A

listening conditions and no increased attentional demands

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16
Q

When is auditory perception more difficult?

A

When the task is novel/complex and listening conditions are poor

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17
Q

Taste/small and ageing changes

A

general decline in sensitivity to taste (men more) and odour (worsened by disease, smoking)

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18
Q

Touch/temperature/pain and ageing changes

A

Touch is gradually lost from middle childhood

Temperature declines later in adulthood

Pain is less for weaker but not strong

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19
Q

physical/psychosocial reasons for OA doing poor on tests?

A

Nervous, visual loss, arthritis

20
Q

Cognitive mechanics and ageing

A

Basic memory processes decline but mnemonics help

21
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Retention of information about the where and when of happenings - declines in OA

22
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

Knowledge about the world - OA take longer to retrieve but usually successful

23
Q

Working memory and perceptual speed…

A

declines with age

24
Q

What is explicit memory?

A

Memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know - declines with age

25
Q

What is implicit memory?

A

Memory without conscious recollection - declines with age

26
Q

Executive functioning changes?

A

Declines with age

27
Q

What are some non-cog factors that help memory (3)?

A

health
education
SES

28
Q

What remains intact with age?

A

Practical intelligence and expertise - real world problems increase

29
Q

What is dementia?

A

A collective term for a syndrome associated with NDD that cause the deterioration of brain function

30
Q

Most common dementia?

A

AD

31
Q

Potential causes of AD?

A
  • genetics
  • particular chromosomes
  • production of amyloid
  • physical factors ie head injury
  • toxin exposure

no known cure

32
Q

Stages of AD and their symptoms

A

Early stages: problems remembering recent info

After several years: speech problems

Middle stages: personality changes, irritability

Later stages: difficulties with motor movement

33
Q

What shift have we seen in burden of disease?

A

Acute to chronic

34
Q

Carers for those with dementia often report?

A

deficits in own health, QOL and economic security, mood, stress

35
Q

What has been introduced for carers?

A

CBT both individual (expensive) and group

36
Q

Most common MH problem in OA?

A

Depression (high prev in women)

37
Q

What forms a critical part of adult identity?

A

work roles (gives structure, meaning and purpose to life)

38
Q

Older workers tend to have?

A

Lower absenteeism, fewer accidents, higher job satisfaction

39
Q

Influence of retirement?

A

Marks passage into the later stages of adulthood - can be related to psychological well-being

40
Q

Which adults adjust best to retirement?

A

healthy and active
adequate income
educated
extended social network

41
Q

Differences between widow/widower and married people?

A

W/W show lower psychological well-being

42
Q

Coping responses for bereavement are encouraged by?

A

availability of social relationships

better general health

43
Q

Which gender have higher rates of depression following widowment

A

men (have further to fall as married men are less depressed than married women)

44
Q

Why do widowed men have more struggles?

A

widowed men less common

often lose interaction with still-married friends

45
Q

Health outcomes for widowed men/women?

A

Declines in health more for men than women

Due to

  • poor nutrition (women did cooking)
  • other things
46
Q

Life satisfaction trends with age?

A

Dip in early-mid adulthood but peaks again as we age

PSY302 - Lifespan Developmental Psychology (12 decks)

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