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PSY302 - Lifespan Developmental Psychology > Week Nine - Family/Friendships & Personlity > Flashcards

Week Nine - Family/Friendships & Personlity Flashcards

1
Q

What similarities do we see between individuals and the partners they choose?

A

Ethnicity
SES
Age
Education

  • may be reflective of how people meet
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2
Q

What are the 3 types of marriage?

A

equal partner relationship
conventional marriage
junior partnership

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3
Q

How many people cohabitate?

A

3/4 - increased dramatically

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4
Q

Why did we see increase in divorce rates?

A

New divorce laws were introduced and no longer had to prove anything

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5
Q

Having a child often?

A

Brings increased conflict to a couple

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6
Q

If a mothers experience mismatches their ideas, what happens?

A

They may have mood instability and experience declines in relationship satisfaction

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7
Q

What are the main differences between families who thrive/struggle?

A

Thriving families

  • accept challenges/responsibility
  • give priority to parenting role
  • use consistent authoritative parenting
  • emphasise communication
  • foster individuality
  • nurture
  • establish traditions
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8
Q

What % of men/worry dont marry?

A

27% of men, 23% of women

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9
Q

Why has childlessness increased?

A

Delays in childbearing
Changes in attitudes
Ill health
Infertility

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10
Q

What are early articulators and postponers?

A

Emphasise early on that they do not want children

Plan to have kids later

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11
Q

Older married people tend to be?

A

Happier, healthier and long-lived than widowed/divorced people

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12
Q

Why are older widowed men more likely to remarry?

A

They don’t do as well without a partner

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13
Q

What are vertical relationships?

A

Adult-child

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14
Q

What are horizontal relationships?

A

peer relationships

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15
Q

Peer relationships are?

A

An essential feature of childhood

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16
Q

Why are peer relationships important?

A

They encourage development of self-regulating behaviour

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17
Q

By interacting with peers, children learn how to?

A

Regulate their emotions
Interact and communicate
Develop skills for forming close personal relationships

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18
Q

What age do friendships begin?

A

By age 3, based on the desire to play, fun and companionship

  • usually dissolve
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19
Q

What do friendships change to in middle childhood?

A

More focus on loyalty/intimacy

20
Q

What are Damon & Harts 3 stages in children’s view on friendship?

A
  1. others behaviour (4-7)
  2. trust (8-10)
  3. psychological closeness (11-15)
21
Q

What do friendships provide children with?

A

Information about the world, themselves, others

Provide emotional support

Reduced chances of bullied

Control/interpret emotions

Increased experiences

Development from egocentrism

22
Q

What do children need to do to gain acceptance from peers?

A

Conform to group norms

23
Q

Close friendships are influenced by?

A

characteristics of the friend (attractiveness, social status)
relationship with friend (commitment)

24
Q

Children rejected by peers are usually?

A

Disruptive & aggressive & socially withdrawn

Excluded from activities
Difficult to be accepted

25
Q

Peer rejection in childhood is associated with?

A

Social difficulties later in life

26
Q

What do Crick & Dodge information-processing approach model of social competence say children rejected by their peers will have problems with?

A

They will have problems with:

  1. attending to social cues
  2. interpret cues (most common)
  3. clarifying desired outcome
  4. recall/regenerate strategies to respond
  5. deciding and enacting responses
27
Q

What can lead to improvements Crick & Dodge information-processing approach model of social competence?

A

Social skills training

28
Q

What are friendships characterised by in adolescence?

A

Shared attitudes, interests, intimacy

29
Q

What is Dunphys two types of adolescent groups?

A
  1. Clique: small group of 3-9 members who are close (often broken into 1-2 smaller friends)
  2. Crowd: clique members who are also part of wider group
30
Q

Why are friendships important in adolescence?

A

Provide source of social and emotional support

Help promote autonomy

Define their sense of self

Development and adult outcomes are influenced

31
Q

How do older adults define friendship? (5)

A 
behavioural aspects
cognitive processes
affective components
structural characteristics
proxy indicators
32
Q

What is personality?

A

The characteristics and qualities of an individual

33
Q

What is personality development?

A

The extent to which interests, values and preferences change throughout the lifespan

34
Q

What are the 3 factors of Freuds personality development

A

ID
Ego
Superego

35
Q

What is the id?

A

Present at birth, unconscious, tries to satisfy biological needs

36
Q

What is the ego?

A

Rational, conscious and problem solves

37
Q

What is the superego?

A

Morals and ethics

38
Q

What age (according to Freud) have all parts of personality developed?

A

5

39
Q

What does Freud suggest is occurring throughout his psychosexual changes?

A

Conflict between ID, ego and superego

If fixation occurs - can implicate personality development

40
Q

What was Erikson’s approach to personality development?

A

Conflict to resolve at each year of life (the way you resolve determines your personality)

41
Q

What is the behaviourist approach to personality development?

A
  • personality does not come from conflict

Personality is the sum of all learned associations

42
Q

What is the social cognitive approach?

A

Learning new information comes from observation

Personality develops through a persons social world, including self-regulation

43
Q

What are Bandura’s 3 steps to personality development?

A
  1. Self-observation: monitor our own behaviour
  2. Judgement: compare our behaviour with traditional or self-defined standards
  3. Self-response: reward or punishment, according to the judgement
44
Q

What is the trait approach to personality?

A

Traits determine differences between individuals

45
Q

What are traits?

A

Internal psychological dispositions that remain largely unchanged throughout the lifespan and across situations

46
Q

What are Eysenck’s gigantic three?

A

Neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism

Can be high or low in these traits

47
Q

What is the big 5 factor model of personality?

A 
5 traits - most comprehensive and data driven view
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Openness
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness

PSY302 - Lifespan Developmental Psychology (12 decks)

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