week three - osteology of the skull Flashcards
list the bones of the skull [14]
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- occipital
- parietal
- temporal
- vomer
- lacrimal
- nasal
- palatine
- inferior nasal concha
- zygomatic
- maxilla
- mandible
list the sutures of the skull
- frontonasal
- frontozygomatic
- zygomaticomaxillary
- temoporozygomatic
- coronal
- sagital
- squamous
- lambdoid
- pterion
- intermaxillary [median palatine]
- transverse palatine
define fontanelle and provide examples [4]
neonatal/postnatal skull = only partly ossified
- sutures meet at the fontanels [soft spots on baby heads] - diamond shapes
- remain flexible during infancy = allows skull to expand as the brain grows
- in adult skull, bones unite and join as sutures
eg
1. ant
2. post
3. mastoid
4. sphenoid
List the FIVE processes of the maxilla bone
- frontal process = sup union w frontal bone
- zygomatic process = laterla union w zygomatic bone
- alveolar process = inf union w alveolar bone
- palatine process = medial union w hard palate
- orbital process = forms part of eye socket floor
list the FOUR sinuses
- frontal
- superior to eyes - ethmoid
- loc upper part of nose - maxillary
- loc under eyes
- largest sinuses - sphenoid
- behind nose - between eyes
list the upper and lower parts of the TMJ
upper
- articular eminence
- fossa
- articular disc
- capsule
lower
- condoyle head of mandible
joint covered by fibrous capsule
list the 2 divisions of the joint cavity
- superior compartment
- mand. fossa
- articular tubercle - inferior compartment
- condyle head of mandible
list the movements of the TMJ by the upper and lower compartments
sup compartment
- protrusion
- retrusion
inf compartment
- depression
- elevation
- lateral deviation
- alternating retrusion + protrusion
list the ligaments that support the TMJ
- Medial + lateral collateral ligament [discal ligament]
- Temporomandibular ligament
- Stylomandibular ligament
- Sphenomandibular ligament
list the muscles of the TMJ and the movements they support
primary muscles
1. temporalis
2. lateral pterygoid
3. medial pterygoid
4. masseter
secondary/accessory muscles
1. buccinator
2. suprahyoid [diagastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid]
3. infrahyoid muscs
depression
- lat pterygoid
- diagastric
- geniohyoid
- mylohyoid
elevation
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
protrusion
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
- masseter
retraction
- post. fibres of temporalis
describe the origin/insertion and innervation of the temporalis muscle
- fan shaped covergent muscle - fills temporal fossa
- func = elevate/retract mand + side to side/grinding movement
origin
- temporal fossa + fascia covering temporalis muscle
insertion
- coronoid process of mandible
- ant. border of ramus
nerve supply
- deep temporal n.
- mand branch of trigeminal n.
describe the origin/insertion and innervation of the masseter muscle
- covers most lateral aspect of ramus
- THREE layers [superficial, intermediate, deep]
- func = elevate/retract/protrude mand. , approximate teeth
origin
- zygomatic arch + max process of zygomatic bone
insertion
- outer surface of mand. ramus
- coronoid process of mandible
nerve supply
- mand. div. of trigeminal nerve
describe the origin/insertion and innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle
- deep [larger] and superficial head
- func = elevate/protrusion/side to side grinding of mand
origin
- pterygoid process
- deep head from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate on sphenoid bone
- superficial head from max tuberosity of inf.max.
insertion
- medial ramus of mand.
nerve supply
- main trunk of mand.n.
describe the origin/insertion and innervation of the lateral pterygoid muscle
- upper + lower head
origin
- upper head from infratemporal surface of sphenoid
- lower head from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
insertion
- pterygoid fossa
nerve supply
- ant. div. of mand. n.
list the nerves that innervate the nasal cavity
- infratrochlear
- ext. branches of nasociliary
- infraorbital n
