Week Ten - Trauma & Stress Disorders Flashcards
What is psychological trauma?
Can result from one or multiple threatening and stressful events and results in persistent negative effect
Threatening/stressful events cna include?
Assault Torture Rape Accidents Violence Abuse Loss
Persistent negaitve effects of trauma can include?
fear, terror, loss of hope, anxiety, guilt, shame, threat
Trauma is frequently associated with/comorbid with?
depression substance abuse eating disorders personality disorders dissociative disorders self-harming behaviour
What age can ASD and PTSD be diagnosed at?
6 and above
What is PTSD?
A problem that people develop after experiencing/witnessing life threatening event, sexual assault etc. If symptoms last more than 3 months, it may be PTSD
Feeling outcomes of PTSD
The world feels unsafe, upsetting memories, feel on edge, trouble sleeping, avoidance
DSM5 PTSD definition (7)
- Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury or sexual violence:
- directly
- witnessing
- learning about - Presence of intrusive symptoms about event:
- memories
- dreams
- reactions - Avoidance of stimuli
- distressing memories
- external reminder - Negative alterations in cognition & mood
- inability to remember
- negative beliefs
- distorted - Alterations in arousal & reactivity
- irritable behaviour
- sleep disturbances - Impairment in social and occupational areas
- Not attributed to physiological effects of a substance
How long do we need to experience symptoms (2, 3, 4, 5) before receiving diagnosis
more than 1 month
What is acute stress disorder (ASD)?
Can only be considered 3 days to one month following traumatic event - basically PTSD just shorter time span
DSM5 ASD definition (4)
- Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury or sexual violence:
- directly
- witnessing
- learning about - Presence of 9 + symptoms
- negative moods
- arousal symptoms
- dissociative symptoms
- avoidance symptoms - Disturbances causes clinically significant distress in social/occupational
- Not attributable to a substance
Differences in definitions of PTSD and ASD?
PTSD is in clusters - ASD not
PTSD includes non-fear based symptoms - ASD does not
PTSD includes dissociative subtype - ASD includes depersonalisation and derealisation under the dissociative heading
What trauma-focused psychotherapies have the strongest evidence?
Prolonged exposure therapy
Cognitive processing therapy
EMDR
What is prolonged exposure therapy (PE)?
Involves talking about your trauma and doing some of the things you have avoided since the trauma
What is cognitive processing therapy (CPT)?
Teaches you to reframe negative thoughts about the trauma - doing short writing assignments
