Week One - Introduction to NP and CN Flashcards

1
Q

What is Neuropsychology?

A

Study of how the brain operates to produce behaviours and thought processes.

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2
Q

What is Clinical Neuroscience?

A

Scientific study of mechanisms that underlie disorders and diseases of the brain and CNS.

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3
Q

What does Clinical Neuroscience focus on?

A

Identifying the underlying molecular and neural substrates of psychopathology and neurological disease.

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4
Q

What do Clinical Neuropsychologists do?

A

Assess persons through clinical testing in order to describe the psychological and behavioural impairments associated with brain damage.

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5
Q

What do Clinical Neuropsychologists aim to decribe?

A

The patient’s strengths and weaknesses in order to give advice concerning management and rehabilitation

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6
Q

What is the role of experimental neuropsychologists?

A

Assess both non brain-impaired and impaired patients in order to model and further understand how the brain functions.

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7
Q

Assessments can be used to predict and enhance what?

A

Social, educational and vocational outcomes

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8
Q

How long do neuropsychological treatments range from?

A

A few short sessions to multiple extended sessions.

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9
Q

What are the 2 models of brain function?

A

Localizationist position

Holistic position

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10
Q

What did the Localisationist view propose? (Gall)

A

That each part of the brain performs a different and separate function - psychological traits such as courage, friendliness.

Brain area sizes correlated with personality/cog traits

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11
Q

What did the Holistic view propose?

A

That the whole brain involved in all mental functioning.

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12
Q

What is phrenology?

A

Proposes that if a given brain area is enlarged then the corresponding area of the skull will also be in enlarged

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13
Q

What 2 positives influences did Gall have?

A

1) He drew attention to the possibility that localisation could exist
2) his prenology concept was used a means of diagnosis and a better guide to treatment of mental illness

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14
Q

What is aphasia?

A

An inability to talk because te speech organs do not receive appropriate brian signals

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15
Q

What is fluent aphasia?

A

Able to talk, but speech makes no sense

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16
Q

What did Flourens propose?

A

The loss of function depends on the extent of the damage, not on the localisation of the lesion

17
Q

What did Flourens propose about cerebral material and mental functions?

A

It is equipotential and mental functions depend on the brain functioning as a whole - the size of the injuring (over location) determines the effects of brain injury

18
Q

What is multipotentiality of brain tissue?

A

The idea that each part of the brain participates in more than one function

19
Q

What did Jackson propose about theories of brain function?

A

The loss of a specific area of the brain would cause the loss or impairment of all higher skills dependent on that one area.

20
Q

Who is considered the father of neuropsychology?

A

Alexander Luria

21
Q

Alexander Luria proposed 3 basic functions that each area of the CNS is involved in - what are they called and what do they do?

A
  1. unit for regulating tone, walking, and mental states (brain stem and associated areas - regulates the arousal level of the brain and maintenance of muscle tone)
  2. unit got receiving, analysing and storing information (posterior areas of the cortex - reception, integrating and analysis of sensory info)
  3. unit for programming, regulation and verification of activity (frontal and prefrontal lobes - planning, executing and verifying behaviour)
22
Q

Luria proposed that all behaviour requires what?

A

The interaction of the three functions

23
Q

What is the principle of pluripotentiality?

A

Where any given brain area can be involved in few or many behaviours - emphasises the multifunctional role of the brain