Week six - transport in international transactions Flashcards
what is the transport of goods contract
legal act under which a person that legally submits the goods (loader) entrusts another party (transporter) who is legally authorised to transfer the goods charging for that service
what is the logistics management
the part of the management supply chain that plans, implements and controls efficiently the flow of goods from point of origin to point of consumption
what is meant by logistics
this term encompasses processes such as storage, order preparation, inventory management, transportation management
what can transport be classified into
- the transport mode used
- how the vehicles are used
what are some different transport modes
- road
- rail
- maritime
- air
- internal shipping
- postage
- fixed transport installation
- own transportation
what are the different ways in which vehicles can be used and what does each mean
- successive transport: transport with various vehicles of the same type
- overlapping transport: autonomous transport that is simultaneously transported by another
- combined transport: transport with different types of vehicles
- multimodal transport: transport carried out by transferring grouped goods (in pallets or containers) between different vehicle types
in weight and value what is the most used transport
- maritime (most used for transport goods with a low value/weight ratio)
- air (most used for transport goods with a high value/weight ratio)
what do stock minimisation and just-in-time strategies suggest
a reduction in average shipment size
what is a ‘matching system’
transport systems that consistently group shipments together in one loading unit from different loaders with mutual origins and destinations
what are the classifications of maritime transport in accordance with type of services
- liner transport (regular line)
- tramp transport (private service)
what are the classifications of maritime transport in accordance with geography
- short-sea shipping
- interoceanic transport
when did containerisation come about
1956
benefits of containerisation
- greater security
- more reliable transit times
reduced damages of goods - lower costs
- faster loading and unloading times, average loading/unloading time decreased from 3 weeks to 18 hours)
what agents are in the port community
- loader: legal responsible for shipping goods
- freight forwarder: coordinator of the transport of goods in accordance with the needs of the importer/exporter
- ship consignee: independent intermediary who acts in the name of the shipping company
- ship-owner of the shipping company
- cargo handling company
- state loading and unloading societies
advantages of road transport
- flexibility
- reduced transit times
- penetration
- less breaks in the chain
- fragmentation and liberalisation of the sector –> perfect competition
what are some negative externalities associated with road transport
- accidents
- noise
- emissions
- climate change
- infrastructures
- congestion
how can we alleviate problems associated with road transport (congestion, environmental externalities, etc.)
combining railway with short-sea shipping
why is the capacity for European rail to absorb market share from road transport in the medium term very limited
- the use of rail to transport goods requires a high level of coordination between member states
- majority of EU investments in rail are made to promote passenger use rather than goods transportation
- privatisation of rail operators
- investments are required to allow more connectivity
how can the types of service split up rail transport
- by regularity
- by types of goods (e.g. urgent perishable goods or full wagon loads, etc.)
characteristics of goods shipped by air transport
- high unit value
- high volume/weight ratio
- long distance travel
needs urgent transport - can be transported in specific airplane pallets or containers
what is a direct sale
the loading client directly addresses the airline company
what is an interline sale
when the contracted airline transfers the load to another airline, due to a lack pf service or accumulation of goods to transport
what is the sales agency
air cargo agencies - they manage transport and perform other services (like packaging, insurance, etc.)
what are some transport documents
- CMR way bill (TIR document for transit)
- CIM way bill (TIF document for transit)
- bill of lading
- air way bill
what is transport insurance
a contract where the insurer has the obligation to insure the beneficiary to cover the risk of damages that may occur to the goods during the journey
what are some insurance policies in Spain
- Spanish policy for land transport of goods
- Spanish policy for maritime transport of goods
- Spanish policy for airway transport of goods