Week six - transport in international transactions

Question 1

what is the transport of goods contract

Answer 1

legal act under which a person that legally submits the goods (loader) entrusts another party (transporter) who is legally authorised to transfer the goods charging for that service

Question 2

what is the logistics management

Answer 2

the part of the management supply chain that plans, implements and controls efficiently the flow of goods from point of origin to point of consumption

Question 3

what is meant by logistics

Answer 3

this term encompasses processes such as storage, order preparation, inventory management, transportation management

Question 4

what can transport be classified into

Answer 4

• the transport mode used
• how the vehicles are used

Question 5

what are some different transport modes

Answer 5

• road
• rail
• maritime
• air
• internal shipping
• postage
• fixed transport installation
• own transportation

Question 6

what are the different ways in which vehicles can be used and what does each mean

Answer 6

• successive transport: transport with various vehicles of the same type
• overlapping transport: autonomous transport that is simultaneously transported by another
• combined transport: transport with different types of vehicles
• multimodal transport: transport carried out by transferring grouped goods (in pallets or containers) between different vehicle types

Question 7

in weight and value what is the most used transport

Answer 7

• maritime (most used for transport goods with a low value/weight ratio)
• air (most used for transport goods with a high value/weight ratio)

Question 8

what do stock minimisation and just-in-time strategies suggest

Answer 8

a reduction in average shipment size

Question 9

what is a ‘matching system’

Answer 9

transport systems that consistently group shipments together in one loading unit from different loaders with mutual origins and destinations

Question 10

what are the classifications of maritime transport in accordance with type of services

Answer 10

• liner transport (regular line)
• tramp transport (private service)

Question 11

what are the classifications of maritime transport in accordance with geography

Answer 11

• short-sea shipping
• interoceanic transport

Question 12

when did containerisation come about

Answer 12

1956

Question 13

benefits of containerisation

Answer 13

• greater security
• more reliable transit times
  reduced damages of goods
• lower costs
• faster loading and unloading times, average loading/unloading time decreased from 3 weeks to 18 hours)

Question 14

what agents are in the port community

Answer 14

• loader: legal responsible for shipping goods
• freight forwarder: coordinator of the transport of goods in accordance with the needs of the importer/exporter
• ship consignee: independent intermediary who acts in the name of the shipping company
• ship-owner of the shipping company
• cargo handling company
• state loading and unloading societies

Question 15

advantages of road transport

Answer 15

• flexibility
• reduced transit times
• penetration
• less breaks in the chain
• fragmentation and liberalisation of the sector –> perfect competition

Question 16

what are some negative externalities associated with road transport

Answer 16

• accidents
• noise
• emissions
• climate change
• infrastructures
• congestion

Question 17

how can we alleviate problems associated with road transport (congestion, environmental externalities, etc.)

Answer 17

combining railway with short-sea shipping

Question 18

why is the capacity for European rail to absorb market share from road transport in the medium term very limited

Answer 18

• the use of rail to transport goods requires a high level of coordination between member states
• majority of EU investments in rail are made to promote passenger use rather than goods transportation
• privatisation of rail operators
• investments are required to allow more connectivity

Question 19

how can the types of service split up rail transport

Answer 19

• by regularity
• by types of goods (e.g. urgent perishable goods or full wagon loads, etc.)

Question 20

characteristics of goods shipped by air transport

Answer 20

• high unit value
• high volume/weight ratio
• long distance travel
  needs urgent transport
• can be transported in specific airplane pallets or containers

Question 21

what is a direct sale

Answer 21

the loading client directly addresses the airline company

Question 22

what is an interline sale

Answer 22

when the contracted airline transfers the load to another airline, due to a lack pf service or accumulation of goods to transport

Question 23

what is the sales agency

Answer 23

air cargo agencies - they manage transport and perform other services (like packaging, insurance, etc.)

Question 24

what are some transport documents

Answer 24

• CMR way bill (TIR document for transit)
• CIM way bill (TIF document for transit)
• bill of lading
• air way bill

Question 25

what is transport insurance

Answer 25

a contract where the insurer has the obligation to insure the beneficiary to cover the risk of damages that may occur to the goods during the journey

Question 26

what are some insurance policies in Spain

Answer 26

• Spanish policy for land transport of goods
• Spanish policy for maritime transport of goods
• Spanish policy for airway transport of goods