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Section 1 242 > Week Six & Seven - IV Maintenance/IV Pumps > Flashcards

Week Six & Seven - IV Maintenance/IV Pumps Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three classifications of IV solutions?

A
  1. Isotonic
  2. Hypotonic
  3. Hypertonic
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2
Q

What is an isotonic IV solution?

A

Used to restore and maintain vascular volume.

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3
Q

What is a hypotonic IV solution?

A

Hypotonic solutions have a lesser concentation of solutes.

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4
Q

What is a hypertonic IV solution?

A

A solution that has a greater concentration of solutes than plasma.

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5
Q

What are volume expanders?

A

IV solutions given to increase the blood volume or loss of plasma after severe loss.
Ex. Plasma & human serum albumin.

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6
Q

Define: Venipuncture

A

Venipuncture is the collection of blood though a vein, usually for laboratory testing. It could also be the site for administration IV’s.

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7
Q

What are some challenges related to the aging adult when choosing a venipuncture site?

A
  1. Loss of subcut tissues
  2. Thinning of the skin
  3. Fragile veins
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8
Q

What are three common veins used for IV?

A

Metacarpal, basilic, cephalic veins

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9
Q

What is a central venous catheter?

A

A catheter that is placed directly into the subclavian or jugular vein and feed directly into the superior vena cava.

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10
Q

What is a PICC?

A

Peripherally inserted central catheter

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11
Q

Where is the PICC inserted (Vein and Location)?

A

Basilic or Cephalic vein, just above or below the antecubital space on the right arm.

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12
Q

What equipment is needed in regards to an IV?

A
  1. IV catheter
  2. Catheter stabilization devices
  3. Solutions container
  4. Infusion and Administration sets
  5. IV filters
  6. IV poles
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13
Q

What catheter size should be used?

A

The size used should be the smallest and shortest length and will accommodate the therapy.

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14
Q

What should you check when dealing with solution containers?

A
  1. Check the expiration date.
  2. Is the solution clear? (Cloudiness and leaks indicate possible contaimination).
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15
Q

What is in an infusion administation set?

A
  1. Insertion spike
  2. Drip chamber
  3. Roller valve or screw clamp
  4. Tubing with secondary ports
  5. IV catheter adapter (with protective cap)
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16
Q

What is the purpose of the drip chamber?

A

Permits a predictable amount of fluid to be delivered.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the roller valve or clamp?

A

It compresses the lumen of the tubing there-by controlling the rate of the flow.

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18
Q

What is an IV filter? What does it do?

A

IV filters remove air and particulate matter from IV infusions.

19
Q

What are some problems associated with IV filters?

A
  1. They become clogged by debris, slowing or stopping the flow rate.
  2. Drugs can bind to the surface of the filter.
20
Q

One important thing to remember about IV poles?

A

The higher the pole, the greater the force of the solution as it enters client vein, and a faster flow rate.

21
Q

What 3 things should you assess when monitoring an IV infusion?

A
  1. Appearance of site and patency of system
  2. Type of fluid being infused and rate of flow
  3. Response of the client
22
Q

Monitoring an IV infusion:
What should you do if the wrong solution is being infused?

A

1.Slow the rate of flow to a minimum, this ensures patency of the catheter.
2. If Pt. at risk for adverse effect, stop infusion and saline-lock the catheter.
Rationale: Stopping may cause thrombous to from in IV catheter, resulting in removal and new site established.
3. Change the solution to the correct one. Document error.

23
Q

Monitoring an IV infusion:

What two things should you monitor every hour?

A
  1. The rate of flow (if > than 150ml/h check more frequently)
  2. Insertion site (Checking for infiltration)
24
Q

What is the correct height of the solution container in relation to the IV site?

A

Less than 1 meter

25
Q

Monitoring an IV infusion:
When inspecting the patency of the IV tubing and catheter, what are you looking for?

A
  1. Solution container >1m above IV site.
  2. Drip chamber - more than half full?
  3. Tubing - free of pinches or kinks
  4. Position of tubing - not below IV site
  5. Check for leakage, locate the source
26
Q

What is extravasation?

A

Infiltration involving a vesicant drug which causes tissue necrosis. Stop the infusion immediately. Contact appropriate health care team member.

27
Q

What is phlebitis?

A

Inflammation of a vein. Mechanical, Chemical, Infection. Discontinue infusion.

28
Q

How often should the nurse inspect an IV site? What are some exceptions to this rule?

A

Q1H. However, if the drip rate is particularly fast, inspections should be Q15min.

29
Q

What are you assessing on the patient in regards to iv care and maintenance?

A

Assessing site for redness, swelling, or discharge. The nurse should also be ensuring the dressing is dry and intact.

30
Q

How often should IV sites be rotated?

A

Every 72 - 96 hours.

31
Q

How often should sterile occlusive dressings be changed?

What are some other reasons why the dressing should be changed?

A

Every 72 - 96 hours.
Also, replace the dressings when the IV catheter is changed, the site is wet, or the dressing loses adherence to the skin.

32
Q

What are some common problems why IVs are not infusing?

A

Tubing is kinked, IV is clotted, Positional IV (tip against vein wall),

33
Q

What is the correct procedure for removing air in the IV line?

A

Close the clamp below the air. Roll the tubing above the clamp around a pen to compress tube and force air into the drip chamber. Alternatively, tap the tubing. Release clamp and reset drip rate.

Or:

Cleanse the lower med port with alcohol swab. Insert/Attach syringe and as air approaches withdraw air from tubing.

34
Q

What is phlebitis?

A

Phlebitis is an inflammation of the vein. It can be caused by trauma, chemical irritation, or infection.

35
Q

What is thrombophlebitis?

A

Thrombophlebitis is when phlebitis progresses to the point of vein occlusion and clot formation.

36
Q

What is infiltration?

A

Infiltration is the accumulation of fluid in the tissues that occurs when the catheter has been dislodged out of the vein.

37
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

A hematoma is an effusion of blood into the subcutaneous tissues.

38
Q

What is an infection?

A

Microbial growth at the IV site, a possible complication of IV therapy.

39
Q

What is arterial cannulation?

A

Arterial cannulation is the accidental insertion of an IV catheter into an artery.

40
Q

What does TKVO mean?

A

To Keep Vein Open

41
Q

What is the equation for determining Drops/Min?

A

Infusion Rate x Drip Rate = Drop/Hr / 60

42
Q

What is the drop/mL of Micro drip tubing?

A

60 drop / mL

43
Q

What is the drop/mL of Macro drip tubing?

A

10 drop / mL or 15 drop / mL

Section 1 242 (8 decks)

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