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Adv. Health Assessment- Al > Week/Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Week/Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph system is fully developed at age __, increases in size beyond that between age _____ and ___ and then decreases back down to normal size at the end of adolescence.

A

6 years, 10-12

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2
Q

Neonates have a small stomach with a capacity of about ___ ml

A

60

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3
Q

Gastric pH is alkalotic at birth, acid production slowly increases to adult level by age ___.

A

2

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4
Q

L ventricular muscle is underdeveloped until age ___. Which means the radial pulse may not be palpable until this age.

A

6

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5
Q

Infants have a poor response to hypotension via vasoconstriction; hypotension without tachycardia is seen with hypovolemia in neos and infants because the ______ reflexes are immature.

A

Baroreceptors

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6
Q

_____ closes within the first hour of life. This opening ___________ and closes by ___.

A

Forman ovale, allows blood to shunt through the atriums from the R to the Left, closes by mechanical pressure from the change in cirulation after delivery.

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7
Q

___ closes within the first 10-15 hours after birth. This opening ___ and closes by

A

Ductus artirioses, allows blood to shunt from the Pulmonary arteries to the aortas, bypassing the lungs which are not yet functioning, closed by oxygenating the lungs, which releases bradykinin and then causes the closure of the DA.

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8
Q

____ and ____ are the first sinuses to develop (present at birth). Others are developing at age ___

A

Ethmoid and maxillary, 3 years

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9
Q

Infants are ____ breathers until about age _____.

A

Nose, 4-5 months

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10
Q

Saliva is minimal at birth, and increases by age ____.

A

3 months

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11
Q

Sebaceous glands are active in neonatal because of ______. This causes ____ called ____.

A

Maternal androgens, baby acne, milia.

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12
Q

Teeth should erupt between ages ___ and ____. Delayed if patient is what?

A

6 and 24 months, Malnutrition or hypothyroidism

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13
Q

____ circumferences exceed ____ circumferences from age ____ to ____.

A

Head, chest, birth-2years

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14
Q

___ glands are functional at birth with full function reached at age ___-___. these glands are all over the scin but most concentrated where?

A

Eccrine, 2-3, palsm, soles of feet and forhead

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15
Q

_____ glands are nonfunctional until puberty which is what causes ____

A

Aprocrine, body odor

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16
Q

Fontanells that close at 2 months

A

posterior

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17
Q

fontanelle that closes by 12-18 months

A

anterior

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18
Q

pupils are small with poor reflexes until ___ months. nystagmis and esotropia are common in neos younger than ___ months. Irisis have little pigment until age ___-___ months

A

5, 6, 6-12

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19
Q

at age ___ months infants can fixate both eyes on same image. they can distinguish color by ___ months and are farsighted until ____.

A

4, 8, 6-7 years

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20
Q

EAC is short and straight with upward curve and is horizontal until age ___. to do an otoscopic exam on a 3 years or less child, what should be done?

A

2 years, pinna should be pulled DOWN and back

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21
Q

EAC continues to shorten and straighten as the child grows. to do an otoscopic exam on a 3 years or older child, what should be done?

A

Pinna should be pulled UP and back

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22
Q

maternal iron stores in liver of baby but is depleted by age ____ which is why introducing other foods is important at this age.

A

6 months

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23
Q

infants fight infections primarily by _____ immunity. immunity is not yet developed until ___ years which means younger than this age, children will be prone to sickness as they build their immunity

A

passive, 6years

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24
Q

urinary bladder lies between the ____ and the ___ in infants and toddlers. bladder decends into pelvis by age __.

A

symphysis and the umbillicus

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25
Q

testicles enlarge between age ____ and ___. early puberty is present if the testicles enlarge before then.

A

9.5-13.5

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26
Q

abdominal distention in infants and toddlers is normal and can be caused by lumbar curvature called ____.

A

Lordosis

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27
Q

neuro system is complete but not fully myelinated at birth. myelination is rapid in the first __ years of life and is complete by age __years.

A

2,7

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28
Q

brain growth is rapid. 50% is completed by age ___. reaches 75% by age ___years, 90% by __ years. 100% by

A

1,3, 6, 12

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29
Q

Age groups
Neonate
Infants
Toddlers
preschoolers
school age children
adolescents

A

Neonate birth-28 days
Infants 1 mo- 1 year
Toddlers 1-3 yr
preschoolers 3-6 yr
school age children 6-12 yr
adolescents 12-21

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30
Q

cephalocaudal development

A

head-to-toe development that corresponds to gross motor development and myelination of the spinal cord/ sitting up to walking

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31
Q

proximal to distal

A

near to far corresponds to fine motor development and myelination of the spinal cord/ palmar to fine pincer

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32
Q

mass to specific

A

progresses from simple acts to more complex acts examples: gross motor, fine motor, cognitive (concrete before abstract) speech (receptive before expressive, and then creating words and then sentances), socio-emotional (watching faces to stranger anxiety)

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33
Q

definite, predictable sequence

A

same sequence in EVERY child this is due to myelination of the spinal cord and brain development. (all achieve head control before sitting up, receptive language before expressive language)

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34
Q

critical senstive periods

A

most opportune time for learning or doing something (new language is 0-12 yrs) sensitive periods start and end gradually

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35
Q

young infants reflexes

A

moro, startle, grask, suck, excrusiona and crawling

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36
Q

required developmental screenings (ages)

A

9,18 and 30 months

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37
Q

required autism screening

A

18 and 24 months

38
Q

in child visit- how do you determine who to speak to first?

A

child first if school age, parent first is younger than school age

39
Q

mandatory reporting laws for:

A

suicidal ideation, intent to harm others, suspected or documented abuse

40
Q

define culture

A

the social norms, beliefs, values, sympbols, and language of a group learned through process of socialization

41
Q

race defined

A

a biological classification reffering to people who share the same genetically inherited distinguished physical characteristics

42
Q

ethnicity defined

A

refers to a cultural groups identification associated with their common geographic origin, language, religion, traditions, values, music, food, and other cultural ties

43
Q

scientific or biomedical theory

A

belief that psysiology explains the functioning of the human body; illness is based on bacteria or viruses, envinmental exposure, and bodily trauma (western medancine)

44
Q

holistic and naturalistic perspective

A

illness is a result of the disruption in the balance of nature

45
Q

magico- religios perspective

A

heath and illness are determines by supernatural forces as god, gods, voodoo, witchcraft, spirits, fate

46
Q

folk illnesses

A

or culture-bound syndromes are those that are culturally defined

47
Q

red flags 3 months

A
  • constant fisting
  • rolling before 3 mo
    -unable to push up on arms
48
Q

red flags 4-6 mo

A

head lag after 4 months
persistnat primitive reflex
failure to reach for objects by 5 months
no smile by 4-6 mo
poor or no head control by 6 mo
stiff limbs

49
Q

12-18 mo red flags

A

no cooing after 6 mo
absent stranger anxiety after 7 mo
W sitting at 7 mo
rounded back, poor use of arms, stiff legs, pointed toes
cannot bear weight when pulled up to stand 8 mo
no reciprocal vocilization by 9 mo
failure to localize sounds by 10 mo

50
Q

12 - 18 mo red flags

A

no quadupled crawling, cannot pull to stand, moves one side of body more than other, 12 months
toe walking, strong hand prefernce, extremity stifness at 15 mo
no imitative play after 18 mo
hand dominance before 18 mo

51
Q

18- 24 mo red flags

A

no first word (besides mama dada) by 18 mo
has no more than 10-12 episodes of otits media
no two words sentances by age 2 years
very clingly to mother at 24 mo

52
Q

3year red flags

A

speech is lesss than 75% intelligable, does not speak in full sentances
incorrect pronoun use
cannot feed self indepently with spoon or fork
toeing in: trips when running

53
Q

4 years red flags

A

speech is less than 95% intelligable
cannot seperate from parent
cannot balance on foot for 2 seconds
cannot copy circle or hold pencol correctly
cannot name 2-3 colors
cannot share with friends
agression/ acting out

54
Q

year 5 red flags

A

excessive fears, night terrors
unable to identift colors
speech not 100% understandable

55
Q

at any time red flags

A

parental concerns
slow or excessive physical growth
child’s gait changes
child stops walking
cruelty to animals
fire-setting
persistent sleep disturbances
bullying or being bullied
abusive family or peer relationships
difficulty with schoolwork
pervasive sad mood

56
Q

integumentary assessment in Von Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis)

A

auxillary freckling AND/OR more than 6 - 5 mm in greatest diameter safe au lait spots

57
Q

integumentary assessment seen in stuge weber diseases and what is this desease

A

facial port wine stains. causes seizures and cognitive delays

58
Q

integumentary assessment found in tuberous sclerosis and what is the disease

A

hypomelanotic macular oval shaped lesions (ash leaf spots) and shagreen patches (firm yellow or red or pink nodules)

inheritsed disease that causes seizuers and inullectual disability in 50% affected

59
Q

trisomy 21 crease in hand

A

transverse felxion of palmar crease close tot he second and third finger (hockey stick palmar crease)

60
Q

brachmann de lange syndrome hair differences and what is the disease

A

arched marked eyebrows low front hairline,

causes speech behavior and growth abnormalities

61
Q

initial health history- what is it and what is included

A
  • takes place when they are first timer in your care
  • complete comprehensive health history
  • allergies
    reason for seeking care
  • family history
  • detailed past medical history
  • functional assessment
  • current illnesses and injuries
  • health knowledge
  • review of systems
  • prenatal history, neonatal history, and birth history if less than 3
  • er visits
  • medications
  • surgeries
62
Q

interval health history

A

well child visit
- updates the status of health
- ask about new allergies, meds, surgeries, injuries,
- functional assessment (update)

63
Q

focused health history

A
  • episodic “sick” visit
  • problem-solving
  • chief complaint
  • history of present illness (onset, location, duration, characteristics)
  • OLD CARTS
  • review the following:
    allergies, medications (dose and last time given), immunizations, pain assessment, recent illnesses, alternative therapies, review of systems
64
Q

whats included in a functional assessment?

A
  • nutrition
  • elimination
    -safety
  • sleep
  • social
  • growth and development milestones
  • school performance
  • spiritual assessment
65
Q

what is a follow-up health history

A

child returns to the clinic after a sick visit to see if the chief complaint has been managed

66
Q

what is an emergency health history

A

quickly collecting data in an acute situation. resembles a focused history but is done rapidly, usually with simultaneously assessments and interventions such as administering medications or respiratory treatments

67
Q

tips for seeing hearing defcit patients

A
  • talk in a normal tone
  • avoid noises (knocking on doors, interruptions, typing on comp.)
    -eye level for lip reading
  • identify transitions in topics
  • use amplification devices
  • write down notes or allow the patient to write down items
  • give examples of words (M as in Mary)
68
Q
A
69
Q

Stranger danger peaks

A

7-8 months

70
Q

Words for kids: incision

A

Special opening

71
Q

Words for kids: dye

A

Special liquid

72
Q

Words for kids: worry

A

Wonder

73
Q

Words for kids: XRAY

A

Picture

74
Q

Words for kids: pain

A

Ouchie, boo boo, sore, scratchy

75
Q

Words for kids: fix

A

Make it better

76
Q

Words for kids: take your temp

A

I’m going to see how warm you are

77
Q

Words for kids: electrode

A

Stickers

78
Q

Words for kids: test

A

Check to see how your BLANK is working

79
Q

When do you get length on peds patient

A

<2 years old

80
Q

When do you get a height on a pediatric patient?

A

> 2 years

81
Q

When do you get a heads circumference on a pediatric patient? 

A

Ages three years and younger

82
Q

When do you get a BMI on the pediatric patient?

A

 age 2 years and older

83
Q

An infant double her birthweight by what month ,
Triple birthweight by what month and quadruple birthweight by what month 

A

6, 12,24

84
Q

A patient is in your office complaining of a sharp pain in his wrist. The patient’s complaint best describes which element of the health assessment?
Social History

Reason for Seeking Care

Past Medical History

Review of Systems

A

Reason for Seeking Care

85
Q

When performing a history and physical assessment, the examiner should

develop a sequence of standard observations.

change the sequence of observation with each interview.

develop a preliminary diagnosis at the onset.

direct patient responses to fit the history sequence.

A

develop a sequence of standard observations.
.

86
Q

Which type of speculum should be used to examine a patient’s tympanic membrane?

The longest speculum available

Any speculum that will fit the otoscope head

The smallest speculum that will illuminate the ear

The largest speculum that will fit comfortably in the ear

The shortest speculum available

A

The largest speculum that will fit comfortably in the ear

87
Q

What is the purpose of a genogram?

To obtain a complete family history.

To test for genetic disorders.

To record the patient’s genetic history.

To rule out any diseases.

A

To obtain a complete family history.

88
Q

An ophthalmoscopic eye exam involves:

A

lens inspection.

89
Q

The body mass index should be measured in all children beginning at age:

3 years

4 years

2 years

1 year

A

2 yr

90
Q

The sequence of a physical examination changes to a head-to-toe approach beginning with which age group?
Group of answer choices

Adolescent

School-age child

Toddler

Preschooler

A

preschool

91
Q

screeningings for alcoholism

A

AUDIT-C, TACE, CRAFFT

92
Q
A

Adv. Health Assessment- Al (8 decks)

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