Week One Medications

Question 1

albuterol - Trade names?

Answer 1

Ventolin
AccuNeb
Proventil
Proair

Question 2

Albuterol - Class

Answer 2

Sympathomimetic
bronchodilator
short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist

Question 3

Albuterol - Pharmacology and Actions

Answer 3

Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist
Causes: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
Inhibits mediator release from mast cells

Question 4

Albuterol - Onset, Peak, Duration

Answer 4

Onset: 5-15 minutes
Peak Effect: 30 minutes-2 hours
Duration: 3-6 hours

Question 5

Albuterol - Indications

Answer 5

● Bronchospasm
● Hyperkalemia
● Inhaled airway/respiratory irritants

Question 6

Albuterol - Contraindications

Answer 6

● Dysrhythmias (especially those caused by digitalis)
● Symptomatic tachycardias
● CHF

Question 7

Albuterol - Adverse reactions and side effects

Answer 7

Cardiovascular: Dysrhythmias, chest pain, palpitations
Neurological: Tremors, headache, nervousness, dizziness

Question 8

Albuterol - Dosage (Respiratory Distress)

Answer 8

Respiratory distress: 2.5-5mg via nebulizer or 1-2 puffs (90-180mcg) via MDI
Repeat for continued respiratory distress
No maximum dose

Question 9

Albuterol - Dosage (Respiratory Distress with
signs of bronchospasm)

Answer 9

Both Adult and Pediatric:
Respiratory distress with signs of bronchospasm:
5mg via nebulizer or 6 puffs via MDI.
Repeat for continued respiratory distress
No maximum dose

Question 10

Albuterol - Dosage (Hyperkalemia)

Answer 10

Hyperkalemia: 5mg via nebulizer

Question 11

Albuterol - Dosage - PEDIATRIC
(Mild to moderate asthma, anaphylaxis, and hyperkalemia) :

Answer 11

Mild to moderate asthma, anaphylaxis, and hyperkalemia:
If using an MDI with a spacer:
4-8 puffs as needed every 20 minutes.
If using a nebulizer:
weight <20kg: 2.5mg/dose.
weight >20kg: 5mg/dose. Repeat every 20 minutes.

Question 12

Albuterol - special considerations

Answer 12

No benefit shown in bronchiolitis

Question 13

Albuterol - drug interactions

Answer 13

May potentiate hypokalemia caused by diuretics

Question 14

Aspirin - trade name

Answer 14

acetylsalicylic acid
ASA

Question 15

aspirin - class;

Answer 15

anti-platelet, NSAID

Question 16

aspirin - pharmacology & actions

Answer 16

Prevents thromboxane A2 formation (thromboxane A2 causes platelets to aggregate and form plugs).
Has antipyretic and analgesic properties

Question 17

aspirin - Onset, Peak, Duration: 15-30 minutes Duration: 4-6 hours Peak Effect: 1-2 hours

Answer 17

Onset: 15-30 minutes
Peak Effect: 1-2 hours
Duration: 4-6 hours

Question 18

aspirin - indications

Answer 18

● New-onset chest discomfort suggestive of ACS

Question 19

aspirin - contraindications

Answer 19

● Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs
● ASA-intolerant asthma
● Bleeding disorders
● Hemolytic anemia
● Lactating mothers
● Hemorrhagic stroke
● Active bleeding (relative)

Question 20

aspirin - Adverse reactions / side effects

Answer 20

Respiratory: Bronchospasm/wheezing in allergic patients
Gastrointestinal: GI bleeding, epigastric distress, heartburn
Other: Anaphylaxis, Reye syndrome

Question 21

aspirin - dosage

Answer 21

Adult: 162-325mg PO