WEEK I Flashcards

1
Q

a branch of philosophy that seeks to determine how human actions may be judged right or wrong.

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Ethics comes from the greek word

A

Ēthika

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3
Q

refers to human conduct and values

A

Morality

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4
Q

may be perceived as prescriptions or rules to guide our actions and behavior

A

Morals

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5
Q

may be perceived as a set of analytical tools or a process that helps to identify right conduct and determine appropriate behavior

A

Ethics

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6
Q

a branch of knowledge that deals with living organisms and vital processes.

A

Biology

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7
Q

a discipline dealing with the
ethical implications of biological
research and applications especially in medicine

A

Bioethics

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8
Q

the field of applied ethics that is concerned with the vast array of moral decision-making situations that arise in the practice of medicine in addition to the procedures and the policies that are designed to guide such practice.

A

Healthcare Ethics

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9
Q

Moral science that deals with the obligation of a professional towards his profession, the public, and to his client.

A

Professional Ethics

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10
Q

Refers to the moral, social & political problems that arise from biology & the life sciences generally that involve, directly or indirectly, human wellbeing

A

Bioethics

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11
Q

“Bioethics” emerged between

A

1960s to 1970s

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12
Q

The word “Bioethics was coined by

A

Oncologist Van Potter

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13
Q

Enduring beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea or action.

A

Values

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14
Q

It influence decisions & actions

A

Values

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15
Q

Values are learned through observation & experience

A

Value Transmission

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16
Q

Internalization of accumulative values
derived from society and environment

A

Personal Value

17
Q

Values acquired during socialization
into nursing, from code of ethics,
nursing experiences, teachers and
peers

A

Professional Values

18
Q

A process by which people identify, examine, and develop their own individual values

A

Values Clarification

19
Q

Process to help client clarify values:

A
  1. List alternatives
  2. Examine possible consequences
  3. Choose freely
  4. Feeling about the choice
  5. Affirm the choice
  6. Act with a pattern
20
Q

The process of learning to tell the difference between right and wrong

A

Moral development

21
Q

Three types of Moral Theories:

A
  1. Consequence-based theories
  2. Principles & Duties or Principles-based theories
  3. Relationships-based Theories
22
Q

Hold only the consequences of actions matter morally. Focused on outcomes of an action in judging if it’s right or wrong

A

Consequence-based Theories

23
Q

Actions are morally right if and only they maximize the good

A

Utilitarianism

24
Q

Logical and formal process & emphasize individual rights, duties & obligations

A

Principles-based Theories

25
It stresses courage, generosity, commitment & the need to nurture and maintain relationships.
Relationships-based Theories
26
moral norms derive their normative force from the idea of contract or mutual agreement
Contractarian Ethics
27
moral judgments must be made within the context of the entirety of a situation and that all normative features of a situation must be viewed as a whole.
Situation Ethics
28
An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable only to the agent performing the action.
Ethical Egoism
29
Acceptance of a conduct code based on absolute, indisputable rights and duties
Ethical Absolutism
30
views moral values as entirely relative to different societies and contexts
Ethical Relativism
31
an approach that focuses on character with the assumption that a person of good character will tend to behave in ways that are consistent with their character.
Virtue Ethics
32
Professional Values:
1. Altruism 2. Autonomy 3. Human Diginity 4. Integrity 5. Social Justice