WEEK I Flashcards
a branch of philosophy that seeks to determine how human actions may be judged right or wrong.
Ethics
Ethics comes from the greek word
Ēthika
refers to human conduct and values
Morality
may be perceived as prescriptions or rules to guide our actions and behavior
Morals
may be perceived as a set of analytical tools or a process that helps to identify right conduct and determine appropriate behavior
Ethics
a branch of knowledge that deals with living organisms and vital processes.
Biology
a discipline dealing with the
ethical implications of biological
research and applications especially in medicine
Bioethics
the field of applied ethics that is concerned with the vast array of moral decision-making situations that arise in the practice of medicine in addition to the procedures and the policies that are designed to guide such practice.
Healthcare Ethics
Moral science that deals with the obligation of a professional towards his profession, the public, and to his client.
Professional Ethics
Refers to the moral, social & political problems that arise from biology & the life sciences generally that involve, directly or indirectly, human wellbeing
Bioethics
“Bioethics” emerged between
1960s to 1970s
The word “Bioethics was coined by
Oncologist Van Potter
Enduring beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea or action.
Values
It influence decisions & actions
Values
Values are learned through observation & experience
Value Transmission
Internalization of accumulative values
derived from society and environment
Personal Value
Values acquired during socialization
into nursing, from code of ethics,
nursing experiences, teachers and
peers
Professional Values
A process by which people identify, examine, and develop their own individual values
Values Clarification
Process to help client clarify values:
- List alternatives
- Examine possible consequences
- Choose freely
- Feeling about the choice
- Affirm the choice
- Act with a pattern
The process of learning to tell the difference between right and wrong
Moral development
Three types of Moral Theories:
- Consequence-based theories
- Principles & Duties or Principles-based theories
- Relationships-based Theories
Hold only the consequences of actions matter morally. Focused on outcomes of an action in judging if it’s right or wrong
Consequence-based Theories
Actions are morally right if and only they maximize the good
Utilitarianism
Logical and formal process & emphasize individual rights, duties & obligations
Principles-based Theories
It stresses courage, generosity, commitment & the need to nurture and maintain relationships.
Relationships-based Theories
moral norms derive their normative force
from the idea of contract or mutual
agreement
Contractarian Ethics
moral judgments must be made within the context of the entirety of a situation and that all normative features of a situation must be viewed as a whole.
Situation Ethics
An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable only to the agent performing the action.
Ethical Egoism
Acceptance of a conduct code based on absolute, indisputable rights and duties
Ethical Absolutism
views moral values as entirely relative to different societies and contexts
Ethical Relativism
an approach that focuses on character
with the assumption that a person of good
character will tend to behave in ways that
are consistent with their character.
Virtue Ethics
Professional Values:
- Altruism
- Autonomy
- Human Diginity
- Integrity
- Social Justice
