ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Question 1

The process by which leaders and managers evaluate and choose among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles

Answer 1

Moral Decision Making

Question 2

The ability to perceive and distinguish between right and wrong, good and bad, in complex situations.

Answer 2

Moral Discernment

Question 3

A situation in which a person faces conflicting moral principles, making it challenging to determine the right course of action. Ethical dilemmas often involve a conflict between two equally compelling but mutually exclusive options, requiring a careful analysis to resolve.

Answer 3

Ethical Dilemma

Question 4

A conscience that is educated and developed through continuous reflection, learning, and practice. It involves understanding ethical principles,
being open to guidance, and consistently striving to align one’s actions with moral and ethical standards

Answer 4

Well-formed Conscience

Question 5

Key characteristics of a leader:

Answer 5

1. Moral Person
2. Moral Manager

Question 6

behaves in a way that is believed by most
people to be good and right.

Answer 6

Moral Person

Question 7

is a leader who will guide group members’ ethical decision-making by serving as an example of moral behavior, conveying pertinent information, and utilizing rewards and punishments strategically to build
members ‘ capacity for independent ethical decision-making

Answer 7

Moral Manager

Question 8

Principles under Moral Discernment:

Answer 8

1. Formal Cooperation
2. Material Cooperation
3. Principle of Lesser Evil
4. Principle of Double Effect

Question 9

This is when there is a deliberate assistance of another person in doing the sinful act; it indicates that the one assisting wants, desires, or approves of the wrongdoer’s behavior.

Answer 9

Formal Cooperation

Question 10

When a person’s actions unintentionally help another person do something wrong. Although we do not share the intention of the wrongdoer, we are involved in the matter or the actual doing of the action

Answer 10

Material Cooperation

Question 11

2 types of material cooperation:

Answer 11

a. Mediate Cooperation
b. Immediate Cooperation

Question 12

the connection between the action
and the contribution to the immoral act is not immediate or direct.

Answer 12

Mediate Cooperation

Question 13

Involves directly aiding, facilitating, or participating in an immoral act.

Answer 13

Immediate Cooperation

Question 14

it is where one is faced with a choice between two or more undesirable options, and one must choose the option that results in the least harm or the greatest good overall.

Answer 14

Principle of Lesser Evil

Question 15

what are the conditions for principle of double effect:

Answer 15

*The act itself must be good or indifferent
*The good effect must not be caused by the evil effect
*The good effect not the bad effect must be directly intended by the agent
*There must be proportionality between
the good and evil result or the good must outweigh the evil.

Question 16

The first step in the formation of our conscience is

Answer 16

the ability to distinguish between right
and wrong

Question 17

Four Ethical Dilemma paradigms:

Answer 17

1. Truth vs Loyalty
2. Individual vs Community
3. Short-term vs Long-term
4. Justice vs Mercy

Question 18

What are the common ethical issues in nursing:

Answer 18

1. Being Honest vs Withholding Information
2. Pro-life vs Pro-choice
3. End-of-life decision-making

Question 19

Decision principles:

Answer 19

1. End-based thinking or consequentialism
2. Rule-based thinking or deontology
3. care-based thinking

Question 20

Steps in ethical decision:

Answer 20

1. Identifying Ethical Dimensions
2. Collecting Relevant Information
3. Generate Potential courses of action
4. Consider the potential consequences of all options and determine a course of action
5. Evaluate the selected course of action
6. Implement the course of action