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168.262 > Week four > Flashcards

Week four Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common presentation of ischaemic stroke?

A

Droopy face, weakness in arms, jumbled speech

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2
Q

What is the common presentation of haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Droopy face, weakness in arms, jumbled speech

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3
Q

How to diagnose an ischaemic stroke?

A

CT scan

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4
Q

How to diagnose an haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Catheter takes images with contrast medium to locate bleeding

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5
Q

How to complete a nursing history for a stroke?

A
  • Current situation
  • History of similar symptoms
  • Current medications
  • Risk factors
  • Associated illnesses such as hypertension
  • Family history of stroke
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6
Q

What are the functional health patterns of stroke?

A
  • Cognition – perceptual
  • Activity – exercise
  • Nutrition – metabolic
  • Health perception & health management
  • Elimination
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7
Q

Treatment and medication for ischaemic stroke?

A

Removal of clot through surgery

  • Anti-platelet
  • Anti-coagulant
  • Anti-hypertensive
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8
Q

Treatment and medication for haemorrhagic stroke?

A 
Coils fill bleeding
Open skull surgery with metal clip attached to bleeding point 
- Anti-platelet
- Anti-coagulant
- Anti-hypertensive
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9
Q

What does hemiplegia mean?

A

Paralysis of left or right half of the body

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10
Q

What does aphasia mean?

A

Difficulty speaking (e.g. omission of small words or changing word order)

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11
Q

What does dysphasia mean?

A

Impaired ability to communicate, incomprehensible speech or inability to understand speech

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12
Q

What does dysarthria mean?

A

Disturbance to muscular control affecting speech/pronouncing words

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13
Q

What does unilateral neglect mean?

A

Unaware or inattentive to one side of the body

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14
Q

What does hemianopia mean?

A

Loss of half of the vision field in one or both eyes

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15
Q

What does agnosia mean?

A

Inability to recognise previously familiar objects

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16
Q

What does diplopia mean?

A

Unilateral or bilateral double vision

17
Q

What does dysphagia mean?

A

Difficulty swallowing

18
Q

What are some nursing interventions?

A
  • Nutritional (assessment of nutritional needs within 72 hours of admission)
  • Activity (assessment for devices to support mobility)
  • Cognition (assessment for communication and neurological difficulties)
  • Elimination (assessment for bowel difficulties)
  • Health perception & health management (assessment for self-management, education gaps and adhering to therapy)
19
Q

How are anti-platelets used for stroke?

A

Decreased platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation. This is by decreasing the ability for blood to form clots by influencing the platelet activation process

20
Q

How are anti-coagulants used for stroke?

A

Reduce blood ability t coagulate and prolong the clotting time. They are similar to anti-platelets but anti-coagulants inhibit the coagulation cascade after initial platelet aggregation

21
Q

How are anti-hypertensives used for stroke?

A

Lower blood pressure which lowers risk of stroke and secondary stroke

22
Q

What are the different types of anti-hypertensives?

A
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Ace inhibitors
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs)
23
Q

What stroke is Aspirin used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - anti-platelet aggregator and anti-inflammatory
  • Rationale - Aspirin can be used as an adjunct in thrombolytic therapy with Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole
24
Q

What stroke is Clopidogrel used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - inhibits the role of ADP in platelet aggregation
  • Rationale - management of thrombotic disorders
25
Q

What stroke is Dipyridamole used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - decreased platelet adhesiveness
  • Rationale - possibly potentiates affect of aspirin, vasodilator properties
26
Q

What stroke is Warfarin used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - interferes with vitamin K production for clotting
  • Rationale - requires multiple INR blood tests to determine therapeutic level
27
Q

What stroke is Rivaroxaban used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - inhibits factor Xa in coagulation cascade
  • Rationale - Generally no need for routine monitoring of blood clotting efficacy (INR)
28
Q

What stroke is Dabigatran etexilate used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - competitive inhibitor of thrombin
  • Rationale - higher cost for medication but does not require INR
29
Q

What stroke is Labetalol or Lisinopril used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - lowers BP
  • Rationale - acute BP should be lowered to below 185/110mmHg for ischaemic stroke patients eligible for thrombolysis
30
Q

What stroke is Enalpril (Renitec) used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic and haemorrhagic
  • Effect - ACE inhibitor
  • Rationale - treatment for essential HTN. Useful for heart failure patients
31
Q

What stroke is Betaloc used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Ischaemic stroke
  • Effect - beta blocker
  • Rationale - used for people who may have some heart failure
32
Q

What stroke is Prinivil used for, and what is the effect and rationale?

A
  • Haemorrhagic
  • Effect - ACE inhibitor
  • Rationale - treatment for essential HTN. Useful for heart failure patients

168.262 (6 decks)

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