week five and six

Question 1

what did simmons et al. find?

Answer 1

more states are adopting liberal policies in the international system.

Question 2

types of liberalization?

Answer 2

Economic Liberalization: implement policies that reduce government control over economic behavior.
Political Liberalization: adopt policies that reduce government constraints on political activities.

Question 3

when do IOs impact state policies

Answer 3

• affect states when they try to join
• affects states when they join

Question 4

influence of IO membership before accession

Answer 4

• Coercion
• Competition
• Learning
• Emulation

Question 5

what is called when there is influence of IO membership after accession

Answer 5

socialization

Question 6

coercion

Answer 6

Existing IO members can exert pressure on applicant states to change their policies in order to meet accession requirements.

Question 7

competition

Answer 7

states may compete with each other to demonstrate their alignment with the organization’s principles and norms. This can lead them to adopt policies that make them more attractive candidates for membership.

Question 8

Learning

Answer 8

process of applying for IO membership can expose states to new information, evidence, and perspectives related to the organization’s areas of focus. This exposure can lead to changes in a state’s beliefs and, subsequently, its policies.

Question 9

Emulation

Answer 9

states may observe the behavior and policies of existing IO members and perceive them as appropriate or desirable.
it motivates them to emulate those policies, even before they formally join the organization, in hopes of aligning themselves with the perceived norms and expectations

Question 10

how can states’ interests be converged?

Answer 10

Socialization
Legal compliance
Impostion (Coercion)

Question 11

What are the main arguments of Chelotti et al.

Answer 11

• Socialization: IGO and EU membership leads to a convergence in states’ foreign policy preferences through a socialization process, especially through regular and sustained interactions
• Imposition: during the accession process, states face strong incentives to align their preferences with those of the EU to gain membership

Question 12

what are the compliance rates

Answer 12

• imposition: high compliance from applicant states and decrease after membership
• socialization: a steady increase of compliance over time

Question 13

what are the two mechanisms of IO influences after accession?

Answer 13

• imposition (coercion) and legal obligation
• socialization

Question 14

how does socialization differ from imposition?

Answer 14

• coercion involves the use of threats or sanctions to compel compliance, while socialization relies on persuasion and the internalization of norms.
• imposition can lead to short-term behavioral changes, socialization results in these preferences become part of the actors’ identities and are not simply short-term behavioral adjustments.
• Imposition and binding obligations are particularly strong and visible during the accession period.