Week 9 - Vits And Mins + Womens Health Flashcards
Vitamins
Organic molecules needed in small amounts for metabolism and other functions like growth and repair
Attach to enzymes and help them activate anabolic processes
Fat soluble vitamins (what are they (4), facts)
A,D,E, K
Found in plants and animals
- stored in liver Mainly
- daily intake not required unless deficient
Vitamin D
- fat soluble
- responsible for utilization or Ca and phosphorus in body
2 types
- ergocalciferol (d2)
- dietary
- cholecalciferol (d3)
- skin produces in UV
Food containing vit D2
Fish, milk, eggs, bread, butter
Vit D functions
Works with PTH to regular absorption/use of calcium and phosphorus
Needed for calcification of bone
Vit D indications
- Dietary supp
- Vit D deficiency
- Treatments of long term deficiency (rickets, osteomalacia)
- prevent OP
- hypocalcemia
Vit D toxicity
A risk with long term use
- hypertension, weakness, dysrhythmias
- decreased bone growth, bone pain
- renal impairment
What are minerals?
Essential nutrients
- inorganic compounds
- bind wiht enzymes or other organic molecules
Help regulate body functions
- muscle contraction
- nerve transmission
- hemoglobin productions
- required for electrolyte balance
Calcium facts
Most abundant in body
- 2% of weight
Effecient absorption required enough vit D
High requirements in children and pregnant women
Calcium foods
Milk/daily
Cereals
Orange juice
Salmon
Calcium functions
Essential for normal maintenance and function of:
- nervous/muscular/skeletal systmes
Catalyst in many reactions
Calcium deficiency
Rickets (kids)
Osteomalacia (adults)
OP
Causes of Ca deficiency
Inadequate vit D
Hypo parathyroidism
Malabsorption syndrome
Calcium indications
(There are so many, I’ve only put the big ones)
Menopause
Pregnancy
Renal failure
Osteomalacia
Hypoparathyroidism
Muscle cramps
OP
Calcium toxicity
Hypercalcemia
- anorexia
- NV
- constipation
Severe can cause
- heart irregularities
- delirium
Come
Calcium drug interaction
Chelation
- calcium will bind and create an insoluble complex
Nursing implications of vit D
Assess nutritional status
- baseline lab values
History
- follow admin guidelines
- nutritional education
- monitor for therapeutic response and adverse effects
OP (osteoporosis)
Low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue
Increase risk of fractures
More women affected 91/3 compared to 1/5 men0
OP risk factors
Gender, age, fracture history over 40
Smoking, alcohol use, menopause, low estrogen, victim weight (under 60kg)
Drug therapy for OP
Calcium and vit D recommended
- 1200mg calcium
- 800-2000u vit D
