Week 9:Tissues and Blood

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

specialized cells of the same type performing a common function

Question 2

4 major types of tissue:

Answer 2

-Epitheal Tissue
-Connective Tissue
-Muscular Tissue
-Nervous Tissue

Question 3

Epitheal tissues locations:

Answer 3

-Body coverings
-Body linings
-Glandular tissue

Question 4

Epithelial tissue functions:

Answer 4

-Protection
-Absorption
-Filtration
-Secretion

Question 5

Simple Epithelia

Answer 5

four types of epithelia with only one layer of feels

Question 6

Simple squamous

Answer 6

thin scaly cells

Question 7

simple cuboidal

Answer 7

square or round cells

Question 8

simple columnar

Answer 8

tall, narrow cells

Question 9

pseudo-stratified columnar

Answer 9

-falsely appear stratified, as some cells taller than others
-every cell reaches the basement membrane (but not all cells reach the free surface)

Question 10

Goblet cells

Answer 10

wineglass-shaped mucus secreting cells in simple columnar and pseudo stratified epithelia

Question 11

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 11

-single row of thin cells
-permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
-secretes serous fluid
-locations:alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

Question 12

simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 12

-single layer of square or round cells
-absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement
-Locations: liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles and kidney tubules

Question 13

simple columnar epithelium

Answer 13

-single row of tall, narrow cells
-oval nuclei in basal half of cell
-brush border of microvilli, collated in some orange, may possess goblet cells
-Absorption and secretion; secretion of mucus
-Locations:lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney, and uterine tubes

Question 14

Pseudo stratified Epithelium

Answer 14

-Looks multilayered, but all cells touch basement membrane
-Nuclei at several layers
-Has cilia and goblet cells
-Secretes and propels mucus
-Locations: respiratory tract and portions of male urethra

Question 15

Stratified Epithelia range from

Answer 15

2 to 20 or more layers of cells

Question 16

Three stratified epithelia are named for the shapes of their apical surface cells

Answer 16

-stratified squamous
-stratified cuboidal
-stratified columnar (rare)

Question 17

fourth type of stratified epithelia (specialized)

Answer 17

transitional epithelium

Question 18

Nervous tissue

Answer 18

-respond to stimuli and transmits impulses
-brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 19

nervous tissue specialized for

Answer 19

communication by electrical and chemical signals

Question 20

nervous tissue consists of

Answer 20

neurons (nerve cells)
-detect stimuli
-respond quickly
-transmit coded information rapidly to other cells

Question 21

neuroglia (glial)

Answer 21

-protect and assist neurons
-“Housekeepers” of nervous system
-more numerous than neurons figure

Question 22

connective tissue

Answer 22

-loose fibrous connective tissue
-dense fibrous connective tissue
-adipose tissue
-bone
-cartilage
-blood
-lymphatic

Question 23

areolar tissue

Answer 23

-loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels
-underlies epithelia, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels

Question 24

reticular tissue

Answer 24

-mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
-forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs
-found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow

Question 25

dense regular connective tissue

Answer 25

-densely packed, parallel collagen fibers -compressed fibroblast nuclei -elastic tissue forms wavy sheets in some locations -tendons attach muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together

Question 26

dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 26

-densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers and few visible cells -withstands unpredictable stresses -locations: deeper layer of skin;capsules around organs

Question 27

adipose tissue

Answer 27

-empty looking feels with thin margins; nucleus pressed against cell membrane -energy storage, insulation, cushioning •subcutaneous fat and organ packing •brown fat of juveniles produces heat

Question 28

compact bone

Answer 28

-arranged in cylinders that surround central canals that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones •blood vessels and nerves travel through central canal -bone matrix deposited in concentric lamellae •onion like layers around each central canal

Question 29

blood

Answer 29

is a type of connective tissue

Question 30

blood contains

Answer 30

living and non living components

Question 31

purpose of blood

Answer 31

transport nutrients and waste throughout body

Question 32

blood cells makeup

Answer 32

45% of volume

Question 33

types of blood cells:

Answer 33

-erythrocytes~red blood cells -leukocytes~white blood cells -platelets~not actually cells…clotting factors

Question 34

Plasma

Answer 34

liquid part of blood

Question 35

Plasma contains

Answer 35

•PLASMA PROTEINS: •ALBUMIN À MAINTAINS OSMOTIC PRESSURE. •FIBRINOGEN & GLOBULIN À CLOTTING FACTORS •WATER (THE LIQUID SOLVENT) •SALTS (TO MAINTAIN OSMOTIC PRESSURE) •NUTRIENTS CARRIED IN BLOOD

Question 36

Erythrocytes (RBC’S)

Answer 36

carry oxygen to tissues

Question 37

Hemoglobin

Answer 37

a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Question 38

leukocytes (WBC’S)

Answer 38

defend against infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites, ETC.)

Question 39

Leukocytes mechanisms:

Answer 39

•DIAPEDESIS… •HAVE ABILITY TO MOVE ACROSS/THROUGH BLOOD VESSELS •USE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AS HIGHWAY •POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS… •CAN LOCATE AREA OF DAMAGE/INFECTION BY RESPONDING TO RELEASED IMMUNE/BACTERIAL CHEMICALS

Question 40

types of leukocytes

Answer 40

-neutrophil -eosinophil -basophils

Question 41

neutrophil

Answer 41

-active phagocyte and 1st responder -increase in number during infection

Question 42

eosinophil

Answer 42

kill larger parasites and allergens

Question 43

basophils

Answer 43

cause infection response -release histamine—-> dilating blood vessels

Question 44

lymphocytes

Answer 44

-B=produce antibodies -T=respond to antibodies on foreign tissue

Question 45

Monocytes

Answer 45

-largest and most active phagocytes -used for chronic, widespread infections

Question 46

platelets

Answer 46

-fragments of multinucleate -irregular shape -initiate clotting cascade by clinging to broken vessel walls