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Bio lab > Week 9:Tissues and Blood > Flashcards

Week 9:Tissues and Blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tissue

A

specialized cells of the same type performing a common function

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2
Q

4 major types of tissue:

A

-Epitheal Tissue
-Connective Tissue
-Muscular Tissue
-Nervous Tissue

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3
Q

Epitheal tissues locations:

A

-Body coverings
-Body linings
-Glandular tissue

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue functions:

A

-Protection
-Absorption
-Filtration
-Secretion

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5
Q

Simple Epithelia

A

four types of epithelia with only one layer of feels

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6
Q

Simple squamous

A

thin scaly cells

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7
Q

simple cuboidal

A

square or round cells

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8
Q

simple columnar

A

tall, narrow cells

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9
Q

pseudo-stratified columnar

A

-falsely appear stratified, as some cells taller than others
-every cell reaches the basement membrane (but not all cells reach the free surface)

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10
Q

Goblet cells

A

wineglass-shaped mucus secreting cells in simple columnar and pseudo stratified epithelia

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11
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

-single row of thin cells
-permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
-secretes serous fluid
-locations:alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

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12
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

-single layer of square or round cells
-absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement
-Locations: liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles and kidney tubules

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13
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

-single row of tall, narrow cells
-oval nuclei in basal half of cell
-brush border of microvilli, collated in some orange, may possess goblet cells
-Absorption and secretion; secretion of mucus
-Locations:lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney, and uterine tubes

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14
Q

Pseudo stratified Epithelium

A

-Looks multilayered, but all cells touch basement membrane
-Nuclei at several layers
-Has cilia and goblet cells
-Secretes and propels mucus
-Locations: respiratory tract and portions of male urethra

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15
Q

Stratified Epithelia range from

A

2 to 20 or more layers of cells

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16
Q

Three stratified epithelia are named for the shapes of their apical surface cells

A

-stratified squamous
-stratified cuboidal
-stratified columnar (rare)

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17
Q

fourth type of stratified epithelia (specialized)

A

transitional epithelium

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18
Q

Nervous tissue

A

-respond to stimuli and transmits impulses
-brain, spinal cord, nerves

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19
Q

nervous tissue specialized for

A

communication by electrical and chemical signals

20
Q

nervous tissue consists of

A

neurons (nerve cells)
-detect stimuli
-respond quickly
-transmit coded information rapidly to other cells

21
Q

neuroglia (glial)

A

-protect and assist neurons
-“Housekeepers” of nervous system
-more numerous than neurons figure

22
Q

connective tissue

A

-loose fibrous connective tissue
-dense fibrous connective tissue
-adipose tissue
-bone
-cartilage
-blood
-lymphatic

23
Q

areolar tissue

A

-loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels
-underlies epithelia, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels

24
Q

reticular tissue

A

-mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
-forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs
-found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow

25
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

-densely packed, parallel collagen fibers
-compressed fibroblast nuclei
-elastic tissue forms wavy sheets in some locations
-tendons attach muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together

26
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

-densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers and few visible cells
-withstands unpredictable stresses
-locations: deeper layer of skin;capsules around organs

27
Q

adipose tissue

A

-empty looking feels with thin margins; nucleus pressed against cell membrane
-energy storage, insulation, cushioning
•subcutaneous fat and organ packing
•brown fat of juveniles produces heat

28
Q

compact bone

A

-arranged in cylinders that surround central canals that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones
•blood vessels and nerves travel through central canal
-bone matrix deposited in concentric lamellae
•onion like layers around each central canal

29
Q

blood

A

is a type of connective tissue

30
Q

blood contains

A

living and non living components

31
Q

purpose of blood

A

transport nutrients and waste throughout body

32
Q

blood cells makeup

A

45% of volume

33
Q

types of blood cells:

A

-erythrocytes~red blood cells
-leukocytes~white blood cells
-platelets~not actually cells…clotting factors

34
Q

Plasma

A

liquid part of blood

35
Q

Plasma contains

A

•PLASMA PROTEINS:
•ALBUMIN À MAINTAINS OSMOTIC PRESSURE.
•FIBRINOGEN & GLOBULIN À CLOTTING FACTORS
•WATER (THE LIQUID SOLVENT)
•SALTS (TO MAINTAIN OSMOTIC PRESSURE)
•NUTRIENTS CARRIED IN BLOOD

36
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC’S)

A

carry oxygen to tissues

37
Q

Hemoglobin

A

a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

38
Q

leukocytes (WBC’S)

A

defend against infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites, ETC.)

39
Q

Leukocytes mechanisms:

A

•DIAPEDESIS…
•HAVE ABILITY TO MOVE ACROSS/THROUGH BLOOD VESSELS
•USE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AS HIGHWAY
•POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS…
•CAN LOCATE AREA OF DAMAGE/INFECTION BY RESPONDING TO RELEASED IMMUNE/BACTERIAL CHEMICALS

40
Q

types of leukocytes

A

-neutrophil
-eosinophil
-basophils

41
Q

neutrophil

A

-active phagocyte and 1st responder
-increase in number during infection

42
Q

eosinophil

A

kill larger parasites and allergens

43
Q

basophils

A

cause infection response
-release histamine—-> dilating blood vessels

44
Q

lymphocytes

A

-B=produce antibodies
-T=respond to antibodies on foreign tissue

45
Q

Monocytes

A

-largest and most active phagocytes
-used for chronic, widespread infections

46
Q

platelets

A

-fragments of multinucleate
-irregular shape
-initiate clotting cascade by clinging to broken vessel walls

Bio lab (6 decks)

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