week 11: cardiovascular system

Question 1

In vertebrates a closed circulatory system :

Answer 1

-Transport gases, nutrients, waves
-Clotting to prevent blood loss from injured blood vessels
-fighting against infection by microbes

Question 2

3 kinds of blood vessels

Answer 2

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 3

Aorta and vena cava

Answer 3

Major artery and vein connected with heart

Question 4

Arterioles and venules

Answer 4

Arterioles- small arteries
Venules- small veins

Question 5

capillary

Answer 5

-all cells are within 60-80um of a capillary
Capillary Beds- many capillaries interconnected
Capillary wall- extremely thin, red cells pass through in single file.

Question 6

heart

Answer 6

Arota
superior vena cava
pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Left atrium
pulmonary valve
Arotic valve
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Left Ventricle
Septum

Question 7

Heart values ( ATRIOVENTRICULAR, SEMILUNAR)

Answer 7

Atrioventricular values-
right- tricuspid valve
left- bicuspid valve
(supported by fibrous strings, chordae tendineae
Semilunar valve-
Pulmonary valve, aortic valve

Question 8

heart valves

Answer 8

Blood passively filled atrium, Flows right past tricuspid/ bicuspid valves, Semilunar Valves remain shut

Question 9

capillary beds

Answer 9

Many capillaries interconnected

Question 10

capillary wall

Answer 10

Extremely thin red cell pass through in single file

Question 11

Heart valves (adtioventricular) ( semilunar)

Answer 11

Artioventriculae vavles-
Right- tricuspid valve
Left-bicuspid valve
Semilunar valves:
Pulmonary valve
Septic valve

Question 12

heart valves

Answer 12

When the heart is relaxed-
Blood passively fills atrium
Flows right past tricuspid/biscuspid valves
Semilunar valves remain shut
When the heart pumps-
Tricuspid/bicuspid valves swing up and shut
Blood ejected out of ventricle
Semilunar valves open up

Question 13

2 major circular pathways (pulmonary,systemic)

Answer 13

Pulmonary circuit systemic circuit

Question 14

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

Pulmonary= deoxygenated blood
Involved right side of heart
Pathway::::
1. superior: inferior cena cava
2. right atrium>tricuspid valve
3. right ventricle> pulmonary semilunar valve
4. left pulmonary artery
5. lungs

Question 15

Superior inferior vena cava carry deoxygenated blood (where)

Answer 15

Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs

Question 16

systematic circulation

Answer 16

Systemic= Oxygenated Blood
Involves Left side of heart
Pathway:
1. Left Pulmonary vein
2. Left atrium> bicuspid valve
3. Left ventricle> aortic semilunar valve
4. Arota
5. All other tissues
6. Superior/ inferior vena cava

Question 17

pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs (location)

Answer 17

-left atrium
-bicuspid valve
-left ventricle
-aortic seminar valve
-aorta
-the body

Question 18

thickness of the wall

Answer 18

artery>vein
left ventricle>right

Question 19

right side

Answer 19

pumps blood to lungs

Question 20

left side

Answer 20

pumps blood to the body

Question 21

circulatory routes

Answer 21

•Simplest and most common route for blood
oHeart → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins
oIn this route, blood passes through only one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until it returns
•Alternate pathways may involve two capillary beds or no capillary beds

Question 22

blood pressure

Answer 22

•Blood pressure (BP)
•Force that blood exerts against a vessel wall
•Measured at brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer
•A close approximation of pressure at the exit of the left ventricle
•Two pressures are recorded:

Question 23

systolic pressure

Answer 23

Peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)

Question 24

diastolic pressure

Answer 24

Minimum arterial BP taken during ventricular relaxation (diastole) between heartbeats
•Normal value for young adult: 120/75 mm Hg

Question 25

pulse pressure

Answer 25

•Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
•Important measure of driving force on circulation and of stress exerted on small arteries by pressure surges generated by the heart

Question 26

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 26

Diastolic pressure + (one-third of pulse pressure)
•Average blood pressure that most influences risk level for edema, fainting (syncope), atherosclerosis, kidney failure, and aneurysm

Question 27

hypertension

Answer 27

•High blood pressure
•Chronic resting BP >140/90
•Consequences:
•Can weaken arteries, cause aneurysms, promote atherosclerosis

Question 28

hypotension

Answer 28

•Chronic low resting BP
•Caused by blood loss, dehydration, anemia