week 11: cardiovascular system Flashcards
In vertebrates a closed circulatory system :
-Transport gases, nutrients, waves
-Clotting to prevent blood loss from injured blood vessels
-fighting against infection by microbes
3 kinds of blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Aorta and vena cava
Major artery and vein connected with heart
Arterioles and venules
Arterioles- small arteries
Venules- small veins
capillary
-all cells are within 60-80um of a capillary
Capillary Beds- many capillaries interconnected
Capillary wall- extremely thin, red cells pass through in single file.
heart
Arota
superior vena cava
pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Left atrium
pulmonary valve
Arotic valve
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Left Ventricle
Septum
Heart values ( ATRIOVENTRICULAR, SEMILUNAR)
Atrioventricular values-
right- tricuspid valve
left- bicuspid valve
(supported by fibrous strings, chordae tendineae
Semilunar valve-
Pulmonary valve, aortic valve
heart valves
Blood passively filled atrium, Flows right past tricuspid/ bicuspid valves, Semilunar Valves remain shut
capillary beds
Many capillaries interconnected
capillary wall
Extremely thin red cell pass through in single file
Heart valves (adtioventricular) ( semilunar)
Artioventriculae vavles-
Right- tricuspid valve
Left-bicuspid valve
Semilunar valves:
Pulmonary valve
Septic valve
heart valves
When the heart is relaxed-
Blood passively fills atrium
Flows right past tricuspid/biscuspid valves
Semilunar valves remain shut
When the heart pumps-
Tricuspid/bicuspid valves swing up and shut
Blood ejected out of ventricle
Semilunar valves open up
2 major circular pathways (pulmonary,systemic)
Pulmonary circuit systemic circuit
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary= deoxygenated blood
Involved right side of heart
Pathway::::
1. superior: inferior cena cava
2. right atrium>tricuspid valve
3. right ventricle> pulmonary semilunar valve
4. left pulmonary artery
5. lungs
Superior inferior vena cava carry deoxygenated blood (where)
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
systematic circulation
Systemic= Oxygenated Blood
Involves Left side of heart
Pathway:
1. Left Pulmonary vein
2. Left atrium> bicuspid valve
3. Left ventricle> aortic semilunar valve
4. Arota
5. All other tissues
6. Superior/ inferior vena cava
pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs (location)
-left atrium
-bicuspid valve
-left ventricle
-aortic seminar valve
-aorta
-the body
thickness of the wall
artery>vein
left ventricle>right
right side
pumps blood to lungs
left side
pumps blood to the body
circulatory routes
•Simplest and most common route for blood
oHeart → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins
oIn this route, blood passes through only one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until it returns
•Alternate pathways may involve two capillary beds or no capillary beds
blood pressure
•Blood pressure (BP)
•Force that blood exerts against a vessel wall
•Measured at brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer
•A close approximation of pressure at the exit of the left ventricle
•Two pressures are recorded:
systolic pressure
Peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)
diastolic pressure
Minimum arterial BP taken during ventricular relaxation (diastole) between heartbeats
•Normal value for young adult: 120/75 mm Hg
