Week 9 - Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Provides the site for gasexchange
* Helps regulate bloodpH
* Contains receptors for smell
* Producesvocalsounds
*Excretes small amounts of water and heat
What are the names and loactions of all the structures in the respiratory system?
Upper - nose, mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box)
Lower - trachea (windpipe), bronchi, and lungs
What’s the difference between the conducting and respiratory zones?
(1) The conducting zone consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs. These include the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles; their function is to filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs.
(2) The respiratory zone consists of tubes and tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. These include the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and are the main sites of gas exchange between air and blood.
What does the nose do?
(1) warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air; (2) detecting olfactory stimuli; and (3) modifying speech vibrations
What are external nares?
Nostrils
What is the nasal septum?
Divides the nasal cavity into L & R sides
What structures are responsible for the majority of airflow direction, humidification, heating and filtering of air inhaled through the nose.
Conchae (superior middle and inferior) extend out of each lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Meatuses (superior middle and inferior) - the conchae subdivide each side of the nasal cavity into a series of groovelike air pas¯ sageways
What structures are responsible for the majority of airflow direction, humidification, heating and filtering of air inhaled through the nose.
Conchae (superior middle and inferior) extend out of each lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Meatuses (superior middle and inferior) - the conchae subdivide each side of the nasal cavity into a series of groovelike air pas¯ sageways
What does the pharynx do?
- passageway for air and food,
- provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds,
- and houses the tonsils, which participate in immunological reactions against foreign invaders.
What does the larynx (or Voice Box do) do?
Allows for speech
Assisted by epliglottis which closes off the larynx when food or drink enter during swallowing
What are the branches of the bronchial tree?
- Trachea
- Main Bronchi
- Lobar Bronchi
- Segmental Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Terminal Bronchioles
Describe the serous mebrane surrounding the lungs
Each lung is enclosed and protected by a doublelayered serous membrane called the pleural membrane
The superficial layer, called the parietal pleura , lines the wall of the thoracic cavity; the deep layer, the visceral pleura , covers the lungs themselves
Between the visceral and parietal pleurae is a small space, the pleural cavity , which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid secreted by the membranes.
Describe the gross anatomy of the lungs
Right is BIGGER than left
Left has cardiac notch for accommodating heart
Lobes and Fissures:
* Left lung: 2lobes, 1fissure
* Right lung: 3lobes, 3fissures Named:
* Left: Superior and Inferior separated by oblique fissure
* Right: Superior, Middle, Inferior, separated by the horizontal and oblique fissures
What’s the diffrence b/w alveolar ducts and sacs?
Alveolar ducts are attached to the end of each respiratory bronchiole.
At the end of each duct are alveolar sacs, each containing 20 to 30 alveoli
Name the 3 types of alveoli cells and what they do
- Type 1 alveolar cells: simple squamous epithelial cells through which gas exchange takes place
- Type 2 alveolar cells: Secrete surfactant which lowers surface tension
- Alveolar macrophage: Phagocytes that remove fine dust particles