Week 1 - The Human Body Flashcards
What are the different levels of structural organization that make up the human body?
- Chemical level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- System level
- Organismal level
What are the 11 organ systems of the body and what do they do?
- Nervous - controls everything
- Endocrine - releases hormones to achieve what nervous system wants
- Cardiovascular - blood transport different to
- Respiratory - supply of O2 removal of CO2 which allows
- Muscular - system to work. This sits on the
- Skeletal - which is covered by the
- Integumentary - this helps with immune response, but this mainly carried out by
- Lymphatic (Immmune) - also need
- Digestive - and a way to dispose of waste products -
- Urinary
- Reproductive - and without this none of it happens at all!
What are the 8 requirements for life?
- Responsiveness or excitability - Nervous & Endocrine
- Movement - CV system, respiratory, muscular and skeletal
- Maintaining boundaries - integumentary
- Digestion - digestive
- Metabolism - digestive
- Excretion - urinary
- Reproduction - reproductive
- Growth - nervous, endocrine, cv, respiratory, digestive, urinary, lymphatic
What do Median, Sagittal, Coronal and Horizontal mean?
Median - (right down the middle) - left and right halves.
Sagittal - parallel to the median plane. It may be useful to give a point of reference by naming a structure intersected by the plane.
Coronal - perpendicular to the median plane dividing it into anterior and posterior aspects.
Horizontal divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
What are the major body cavities and what organs are found in each?
Cranial - brain
Thoracic -
pleural (lungs)
pericardial (heart)
mediastinum (heart thymus oesophhagus)
Adominopelvic -
abdominal (stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder most of large intestine)
pelvic (urinary reproductive some large intestine)
What are the 3 serous membranes?
- Visceral serosa - covers the organs
- Serous cavity - space b/w two serosa
- Parietal Serosa - lines cavity wall
What is a cell?
Smallest unit of life
What are the major regions of a cell?
Membrane - separates ICF and ECF
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Chemical substances eg ions, glucose
Organelles - metabolic machinery of a cell, each carries out a specific fn
Nucelus - control ctr
What does mitochondria do?
power house of the cell generating most of the ATP through aerobic respiration
What do ribosomes do?
sites of protein synthesis
What does the Golgi do?
first step in the transport of proteins synthesised by ribsomes
What does endoplasmic reticulum do?
the transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other fns such as protein folding.
It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough and smooth
What does the cell membrane do?
- Barrier separating inside and outside cell
- Controls flow into and out of
- Helps id it to other cells
- Participates in intercellular signalling
Membrane Proteins
Integral
inserted into lipid bilayer, most protrude on both sides (transmembrane)
Passive transport - Channel and Carrier
Recognises things and alters cells fn eg ADH binds to receptors in kidney changing water permeability of membranes
Catalyses reaction inside and o/s cell
Peripheral
not embedded. Attach loosely to integral or anchored in membrane
Catalyses reaction inside and o/s cell
Anchors filaments providing stability and structure to the cell
Distinguishes your cells from anyone elses - eg of a marker includes major histocompatibility proteins (MHC)
What do epithelial cells do?
tightly attached to one another.
Cover interior of hollow organs, like blood vessels or digestive organs, or else form the surface of things, like the skin.
Dozens of types of epithelial cells. Without which no skin and no stomach
