week 9 pt 2: neurodevelopmental disorders Flashcards
what is defines a neurodevelopmental disorder?
significant developmental delay/deficit in one or more lines of development that impair functioning
what defines a neurocognitive disorder
acquired conditions as a result of underlying brain pathology that result in decreased cognitive functions
- ex: traumatic brain injury
what defines a neurobehavioural disorder?
used to be used to define ADHD & ODD (now defined as neurodevelopmental)
neurodevelopmental disorders: cause or contributing factors
- genetic (downsyndrome)
- biologic (FAS, premature)
- illness/disease
- psychosocial
- environmental (mercury)
- emotional
risk factors vs protective factors
risk factors are anything that compromises the ability to move through normal developmental phases
protective factors are anything that supports the ability to move through normal developmental phases
examples of risk factors
- SDOH
- parents w depression
- parents role modelling coping strategies
- witnessing violence
- disrupted attachment
examples of protective factors
- resiliency (ability to change/form nurturing relationships)
- normal attachment
- environment
what is a dual diagnosis
neurodevelopmental disorder and a mental health disorder co-existing
what is autism spectrum disorder?
impairments of development in social interaction and communication w/ restrictive repertoire of repetitive activity/interest
what is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
altered degree of:
- inattention
- impulsivity
- hyperactivity
… interfering with functioning/development
what are 2 conditions that need to be met to diagnose ADHD?
symptoms must be present in at least 2 settings (school & home)
symptoms must be present before age 12
why can ADHD present differently in individuals?
can have primarily inattention, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, or combination of any 2/3
what are fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)?
- moving away from “syndrome”
group of conditions that occur in persons who are exposed to alcohol pre-natal
what are some physical, cognitive, and behavioural implications in FASD?
physical: body weight, FACIAL FEATURE DEVELOPMENT, height, vision/hearing, SMALL HEAD
cognitive: impaired CNS (impaired memory/attention, learning disabilities, speech/language delays, MH disorders)
behavioural: poor coordination, hyperactive behaviour
neurodevelopmental disorders: assessment (key points)
- family input is the most significant
no single test is used, rather it relies on interviews, observations, input from multiple sources
neurodevelopmental disorders: what factors are involved in the assessment (6)
- family input
- educational input
- nurse assessment
- social network input
- standardized assessment
- developmental milestones
what does the client assessment consist of (5)?
- social functioning
- maladaptive behaviours
- academic functioning
- physical health
- hx of interventions
what does the family assessment consist of (4)?
- SDOH
- risks
- family functioning
- family medical hx
intervention: non-pharmacological
first line treatment
- health teaching
- family therapy
- group therapy
intervention: pharmacological (autism) what’s used and why
anti-psychotics
- decrease irritability & lability
SSRI
- decrease compulsive disorder
Beta blockers
- decrease aggression & severe anxiety
intervention: pharmacological (ADHD)
- psychostimulant
- non-stimulant SNRI
interventions: psychostimulants for ADHD (who are they mainly used for and why)
first line treatment for ADHD in school aged children
- they improve communication in the brain = improved attention, concentration, and self-control
psychostimulants: common ones
methylphenidate (e.g. concerta, ritalin)
- SA formulas, start with once per day then increase to BID, TID
amphetamines (e.g. adderall, vyvanase)
- available in SA or LA formulas
psychostimulants: side effects and adverse effects
side effects
- decrease appetite
- insomnia
adverse effects
- headache
- abdominal pain
- cardiovascular issues
- psychiatric
