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NUR149 - Week 8 to Week > Week 9 Practice Quiz (33%) > Flashcards

Week 9 Practice Quiz (33%) Flashcards

0
Q 
Which of the following terms is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?
A. Cell wall
B. cell membrane
C. Plasma membrane
D. Plasmalemma
E. both A and D
A

A. Cell wall

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1
Q 
The basic structural and functional unit of the human body is
A. Protein
B. the cell
C. Tissue
D. The organ
E. the organ system
A

B. ?

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2
Q 
The cell membrane includes
A. Integral proteins
B. glycolipids
C. Phospholipids
D. All of the above
E. A and C only
A

D. All of the above

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3
Q

Extracellular fluid serves as
A. A storage area
B. a reserve area
C. A component of the phospholipid bilayer
D. A transport medium
E. a transport medium with large storage capacity

A

D. A transport medium

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4
Q

The terminal web is best described as
A. Filaments of actin forming a layer just inside the cell membrane at the exposed cell surface
B. filaments of cytoskeleton forming a layer just inside the cell membrane at the exposed cell surface
C. Filaments of actin forming a layer just inside the cell membrane at the exposed cell surface
D. Filaments of cytoskeleton forming a layer just inside the cell membrane at the unexposed cell surface
E. cytosol that has hardened

A

A. Filaments of actin forming a layer just inside the cell membrane at the exposed cell surface

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5
Q 
In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to
A. Actin
B. microvilli
C. Cytosol
D. Basal body
E. matrix
A

E. matrix

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6
Q 
Vesicles containing enzymes that neutralise toxins such as alcohol are
A. Lysosomes
B. peroxisomes
C. Centrosomes
D. Endosomes
E. toxisomes
A

B. peroxisomes

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7
Q 
When activated, lysosomes function in
A. Formation of new cell membranes
B. synthesis of proteins
C. Digestion of foreign material
D. Synthesis of lipids
E. cell division
A

C. Digestion of foreign material

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8
Q 
The control centre for cellular operations is the
A. Nucleus
B. mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. ribosome
A

A. Nucleus

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9
Q 
The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are
A. Nucleoplasm
B. chromosomes
C. Histones
D. Nucleuses
E. mitochondria
A

B. chromosomes

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10
Q 
The process of forming mRNA is called
A. Replication
B. transcription
C. Translation
D. Ribolation
E. auscultation
A

B. transcription

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11
Q 
The process of protein formation is called
A. Replication
B. transcription
C. Translation
D. Mitosis
E. auscultation
A

C. Translation

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12
Q 
The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of
A. Osmosis
B. active transport
C. Diffusion
D. Facilitated transport
E. filtration
A

C. Diffusion

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13
Q

Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through
A. Channels in some integral proteins
B. peripheral proteins
C. Lipid channels
D. Peripheral carbohydrates
E. small holes in the lipid layer of the membrane

A

A. Channels in some integral proteins

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14
Q 
A solution that contains a lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell is called
A. Merotonic
B. hypertonic
C. Isotonic
D. Hypotonic
E. homotonic
A

D. Hypotonic

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15
Q 
Cremation occurs when a blood cell is placed in a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ solution
A. Isotonic
B. hypertonic
C. Hypotonic
D. Merotonic
E. homotonic
A

B. hypertonic

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16
Q 
The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called
A. Osmosis
B. facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Endocytosis
E. exocytosis
A

B. facilitated diffusion

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17
Q 
Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT
A. It's ability to dissolve water
B. the size of the membrane channel
C. The charge on the ion or molecule
D. The charge of the membrane
E. it's solubility in the lipid membrane
A

A. It’s ability to dissolve in water

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18
Q

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that
A. Facilitated diffusion expends no ATP
B. facilitated diffusion moves molecules from an era of their higher concentration to their lower concentration
C. The rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules
D. Facilitated diffusion never eliminates the concentration gradient
E. the rate of molecular movement is not limited by the number of available carrier molecules

A

C. The rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules

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19
Q 
A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called
A. Active transport
B. passive transport
C. Facilitated transport
D. Osmosis
E. diffusion
A

A. Active transport

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20
Q 
The packaging of extracellular materials in a vesicles at the cell surface for importation into the cell is called
A. Osmosis
B. active transport
C. Facilitated transport
D. Endocytosis
E. an ion exchange pump
A

D. Endocytosis

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21
Q 
The principal cations in our body fluids are \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Sodium; potassium
B. calcium; magnesium
C. Sodium; magnesium
D. Chloride; potassium
E. sodium; chloride
A

A. Sodium; potassium

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22
Q 
In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an important exchange pump within the cell membrane ejects \_\_\_\_ ions from the cell and imports \_\_\_\_ions
A. Potassium; calcium
B. sodium; calcium
C. Potassium; sodium
D. Sodium; potassium
E. calcium; sodium
A

D. Sodium; potassium

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23
Q

When describing a cells membrane potential, the cell interior is
A. More positively charged than the exterior
B. more negatively charged than the exterior
C. Electrically neutral
D. Continuously reversing its electrical charge
E. positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is active

A

B. more negatively charged than the exterior

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24
Q

Endocytosis is
A. A method for transporting substances across the cell membrane
B. a method for metabolising within the cytosol
C. A form of anabolism
D. A manner in which lysosomes are formed
E. a method for synthesising products

A

A. A method for transporting substances across the cell membrane

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25
Q

Peroxisomes
A. Contain enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide
B. absorb and break down fatty acids, generating hydrogen peroxide in the process
C. Are the same organelle as lysosomes
D. a and b
E. none of the above

A

D. A and B

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26
Q

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it
A. Can repair itself rather readily
B. is malformed
C. Is normal, but its function will be impaired
D. Will be a long-lived cell
E. cannot repair itself and will disintegrate within a few months

A

E. cannot repair itself and will disintegrate within a few hours

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27
Q 
Chromosomes consist of \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. RNA; carbohydrates
B. DNA; lipids
C. DNA; proteins
D. Water; RNA
E. RNA; proteins
A

C. DNA; proteins

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28
Q 
In the course of a semester, items began disappearing from the A&P lab. Students claimed that they saw nobody remove any items from the classroom. The instructor decided to investigate this phenomenon. Which of the following could have been used to identify the culprit using DNA fingerprinting?
A. Skin scrapings
B. hair samples
C. Photo id
D.indirect observation
E. A and B
A

E. A and B

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29
Q 
The functional units of DNA are
A. Chromosomes
B. genes
C. Proteins
D. Codons
E. RNA
A

B. genes

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30
Q

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of _____ and _____.
A. Multiple enzymes; three types of RNA
B. multiple enzymes; two types of RNA
C. Multiple carbohydrates; three types of DNA
D. Multiple proteins; three types of DNA
E. multiple enzymes; three types of DNA

A

A. Multiple enzymes; three types of RNA

31
Q 
The type of transport process that always requires energy or an active process is termed
A. Diffusion
B. carrier-mediated transport
C. Vesicular transport
D. Freely permeable
E. impermeable
A

C. Vesicular transport

32
Q 
Cell shrinkage is to \_\_\_\_ as cell bursting is to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Crenation; lysis
B. lysis; crenation
C. Hypotonic; isotonic
D. Isotonic; hypotonic
E. isotonic; hypertonic
A

A. Crenation; lysis

33
Q 
Two types of vesicular transport include
A. Endocytosis and indocytosis
B. endocytosis and exocytosis
C. Exocytosis and indocytosis
D. Pinocytosis and active transport
E. diffusion and active transport
A

B. endocytosis and exocytosis

34
Q 
A unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutive nucleotides is termed a(n)
A. Amino acid
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
D. Codon
E. pore
A

D. Codon

35
Q 
A carbohydrate that cannot cross cell membranes that is commonly administered to patients suffering blood loss is
A. Saline solution
B. salt solution
C. Glucose
D. Isotonic saline
E. dextran
A

E. dextran

36
Q 
What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes?
A. Nucleolus
B. cilia
C. The cytosol
D. Cell membrane
E. cytoskeleton
A

D. Cell membrane

37
Q 
Which endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesised proteins?
A. The ribosomal reticulum
B. the proteosomes reticulum
C. The raised reticulum
D. The smooth reticulum
E. the rough reticulum,
A

E. the rough reticulum

38
Q 
Inside the cell, membrane proteins are bound to the
A. Cytoplasm
B. cytoskeleton
C. Protein fibers
D. Phospholipid bilayer
E. cell membrane
A

B. cytoskeleton

39
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for
A. Drug and toxin neutralisation
B. protein, carbohydrate, and lipid synthesis
C. Storage of synthesised molecules
D. All of the above
E. both A and C

A

D. All of the above

40
Q 
A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bonded together is called a(n)
A. Molecule
B. compound
C. Mixture
D. Isotope
E. solution
A

B. compound

41
Q 
Special catalytic molecules called \_\_\_\_\_\_ control chemical reactions in the human body
A. Enzymes
B. cytozymes
C. Cofactors
D. activators
E. cytochromes
A

A. Enzymes

42
Q 
All organic compounds in the human body contain all the following EXCEPT
A. Hydrogen
B. oxygen
C. Carbon
D. Calcium
E. both A and D
A

D. Calcium

43
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a function of protein?
A. Support
B. transport
C. Metabolic regulation
D. Storage of genetic information
E. movement
A

D. Storage of genetic information

44
Q 
Haemolytic may occur when a blood cell is placed into
A. Isotonic solution
B. hypertonic solution
C. Hypotonic solution
D. Metrotonic solution
E. homotonic
A

C. Hypotonic solution

45
Q

If a cell lacked the enzyme DNA polymerase, it could not
A. Form protein
B. form complementary sequences of DNA
C. Link pieces of DNA together
D. Form spindle fibers
E. form a new nuclear membrane during telophase

A

B. form complementary sequences of DNA

46
Q

Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains
A. A higher concentration of sodium ion
B. a relatively high concentration of dissolved proteins
C. relatively low supplies of carbohydrates
D. Relatively few amino acids
E. no lipids

A

B. a relatively high concentration of dissolved proteins

47
Q 
If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to
A. Move
B. synthesise proteins
C. Produce DNA
D. Metabolise sugars
E. divide
A

E. divide

48
Q

Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is true, except one. Identify the exception
A. The mitochondrial cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle
B. the matrix of the mitochondria contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production
C. Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae
D. The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA
E. the mitochondria produce most of a cells ATP

A

D. The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA

49
Q

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, except
A. Removal and storage of calcium ions
B. modification of protein products
C. Synthesis of steroid hormones
D. Synthesis of triglycerides in liver cells
E.bdetoxification of drugs in liver cells

A

B. modification of protein products

50
Q

Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane with the same properties as a cell membrane. Solution A is 5 percent glucose and solution B is 1 percent glucose. Under these circumstances, which of the following would most occur?
A. Water will move from solution A to solution B
B. Water will move from solution B to solution A
C. Glucose will move from solution A to solution B
D. Glucose will move from solution B o solution A
E. at equilibrium the concentration of glucose will be higher in solution B

A

A. Water will move from solution A to solution B

51
Q

If the amount of sodium ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur?
A. The blood osmotic pressure will increase
B. the blood osmotic pressure will decrease
C. The blood osmotic pressure will stay the same
D. the blood hydrostatic pressure will increase
E. the blood hydrostatic pressure will decrease

A

A. The blood osmotic pressure will increase

52
Q

If the concentration of sodium ions in the fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solute a remains constant
A. The cells will shrink
B. the cells will swell
C. The fluid outside of the cells will become isotonic
D. The fluid outside of the cells will become hypertonic
E. the cells will not change

A

B. the cells will swell

53
Q 
The movement of a particular amino acid across the cell membrane (along its concentration gradient) is impaired when a molecule chemically similar to the amino acid is addd to the extracellular fluid. The movement of the amino acid through the membrane is by
A. Osmosis
B. diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
E. pinocytosis
A

C. Facilitated diffusion

54
Q 
Generally, cells with slower mitotic rates
A. Are stem cells
B. do not exhibit cytokinesis
C. Have longer life spams
D. Are reproductive cells
E. lack the enzyme DNA polymerase
A

C. Have longer life spans

55
Q

________ form the bilayer that separates cell from environment

A

Phospholipids

56
Q

Some _________ act as gates, allowing ions to cross the plasma membrane

A

Integral proteins

57
Q

All cell contents between plasma membrane and nucleus is known as ____________

A

Cytoplasm

58
Q

The transport mechanism allowing ingestion of solid particles by white blood cells is called ________

A

Phagocytosis

59
Q

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is the _________

A

Cytosol

60
Q

The _________ is the boundary between the cell and its environment

A

Plasma membrane

61
Q

The ________ have polar carbohydrate heads and nonpolar hydrocarbon tails; they are found only in the outer layer of the plasma membrane

A

Glycolipids

62
Q

Membrane ________ have diverse functions including serving as ion channels and cell identity markers

A

Proteins

63
Q

The property of membranes that allows some substances to pass more readily than others is called __________

A

Selective permeability

64
Q

The normal intracellular concentration of glucose is approx 5%. An infusion contains 10% glucose would be ________ to the cell

A

Hypertonic

65
Q

The _________ is the network of microtubules, intermediate filaments and macro filaments that help support and shape the cell and help organise its contents

A

Cytoskeleton

66
Q

___________ are small sacs that transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex or from the Golgi complex to other parts of the cell

A

Vesicles

67
Q

________ is the self destruction of the cell due to release of lysosomal enzymes

A

Autolysis

68
Q

____________ regulate the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear pores

69
Q

___________ are the heredity units that provide instructions for making proteins

A

Genes

70
Q

________ is the enzyme that catalysers transcription of DNA

A

RNA polymerase

71
Q

_______ is the division of nuclear contents in somatic cells

A

Mitosis

72
Q

_______ is the programmed death of cells that are no longer needed

A

Apoptosis

73
Q

Discuss the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane structure

A

Proteins ‘float’ among phospholipids; phospholipids bilayer, with hydrophobic ends facing each other and hydrophilic ends faxing either ECF or ICF; phospholipids can move sideways within layer; glycolipids (cellular identity marker) face ECF; cholesterol molecules (for stability) among phospholipids of both layers of the bilayer; integral proteins (channels, transporters, etc) extend across phospholipid bilayer; peripheral proteins (enzymes, cytoskeleton, anchors, etc) loosely attached to either the inner or outer surface of the membrane

74
Q

Name and describe the four phases of mitosis in sequence

A
  1. Prophase - chromatin fibers shorten and coil into chromosomes; nucleoli and nuclear envelope disappear; centrpsomes with centrioles move to opposite poles of cell; mitotic spindle appears
  2. Metaphase - centromeres of chromatid pairs line up on metaphase plate of cell
  3. Anaphase - centromeres divide; identical sets of chromosomes move to opposite poles cell
  4. Telophase - nuclear envelope reappears to enclose chromosomes; chromosomes revert to chromatin; nucleoli reappear; mitotic spindle disappears
75
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  1. The cell s the basic structural and functional unit of life
  2. Activity of the organism depends on individual and collective activity cells
  3. Biochemical activities of cells ate dictated by say cellular structure
  4. Continuity of life has a cellular basis

NUR149 - Week 8 to Week (11 decks)

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