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NUR149 - Week 8 to Week > Week 12 Practice Quiz (17%) > Flashcards

Week 12 Practice Quiz (17%) Flashcards

0
Q 
Functions of epithelial include aloof the following except
A. Providing physical protection
B. controlling permeability
C. Absorption
D. Producing specialised secretions
E. Storing energy reserves
A

E. storing energy reserves

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1
Q 
The tissue that always has a free surface exposed to the internal or external environment is
A. Epithelial tissue
B. connective tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Neural tissue
E. contractive tissue
A

A. Epithelial tissue

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2
Q 
Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at their free surface.
A. Many mitochondria
B. cilia
C. Microvilli
D. Junctional complexes
E. Golgi complexes
A

C. Microvilli

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3
Q 
Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
A. A basement membrane
B. interfacial canals
C. A basal lamina
D. A reticular lamina
E. proteoglycan
A

A. A basement membrane

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4
Q 
The basic shapes of epithelial cells include all of the following except
A. Stratified
B. squamous
C. Cuboidal
D. Columnar
E. all of the above
A

A. Stratified

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5
Q 
The type of epithelium that is found lining internal body compartments and blood vessels is
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. stratified squamous epithelium
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
D. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
E. transitional epithelium
A

A. Simple squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Which of the following is not a correct statement about simple epithelia?
A. They afford little mechanical protection
B. they are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs
C. They line internal compartments and passageways
D. They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress
E. they are avascular

A

D. They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress

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7
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium would be found
A. At the surface of the skin
B. lining the trachea
C. Lining the blood vessels
D. Forming the follicles of the thyroid gland
E. lining the air sacs of the lungs

A

D. Forming the follicles of the thyroid gland

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8
Q 
The fibrous components of connective tissue are produced by
A. Fibroblasts
B. macrophages
C. Adipocytes
D. Mast cells
E. melanocytes
A

A. Fibroblasts

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9
Q 
Cells that store fat are called
A. Fibroblasts
B. fixed macrophages
C. Adipocytes
D. Mast cells
E. melanocytes
A

C. Adipocytes

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10
Q 
You would find pseudo stratified columnar epithelium lining the
A. Trachea
B. urinary bladder
C. Secretory portions of the pancreas
D. Surface of the skin
E. stomach
A

A. Trachea

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11
Q 
The fibrous components of connective tissue are produced by
A. Fibroblasts
B. macrophages
C. Adipocytes
D. Mast cells
E. melanocytes
A

A. Fibroblasts

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12
Q 
Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except
A. Transporting substances between cells
B. supporting epithelia 
C. Anchoring blood vessels and nerves
D. Storing lipids
E. filling spaces between organs
A

A. Transporting substances between cells

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13
Q 
Cells that respond to injury or infection by dividing to produce daughter cells that differentiate into other cell types are
A. Mast cells
B. fibroblasts
C. Plasma cells
D. Mesenchymal cells
E. lymphocytes
A

D. Mesenchymal cells

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14
Q

The red colour and heat associated with inflamed tissue is the result of
A. Increased numbers of white cells in the injured area
B. local vasodilation
C. Loss of blood from the injured tissue
D. Increased numbers of the bacteria in the area of a wound
E. the release of heparin from injured cells

A

B. local vasodilation

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15
Q

Endocrine glands empty their products into ______ and are referred to as ______ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into _____.
A. Cells; cellular; blood
B. blood; ducted; cells
C. Interstitial fluid; ducted; interstitial fluid
D. Interstitial fluid or blood; ductless; ducts
E. ducts; ducted; blood

A

D. Interstitial fluid or blood; ductless; ducts

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16
Q

The three major types of connective tissue include
A. Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues
B. epithelial, muscle, and neural
C. Glandular, exocrine, and endocrine
D. A and C only
E. all of the above

A

A. Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues

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17
Q 
The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of \_\_\_\_\_ tissue
A. Loose connective
B. regular dense connective
C. Irregular dense connective
D. Reticular connective
E. adipose
A

D. Reticular connective

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18
Q 
Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except
A. Tendons
B. ligaments
C. Aponeuroses
D. Areolar tissue 
E. elastic tissue
A

D. Areolar tissue

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19
Q 
Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are
A. Tendons
B. ligaments
C. Dense irregular connective tissues
D. Aponeuroses
E. are plat tissue
A

C. Dense irregular connective tissues

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20
Q 
The cell that accounts for almost half the volume of blood is the
A. Erythrocyte
B. leukocyte
C. Platelet
D. Monocyte
E. phagocyte
A

A. Erythrocytes

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21
Q 
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
A. Blood
B. epithelium
C. Fat
D. Bone
E. neural tissue
A

D. Bone

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22
Q 
Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
A. Perichondrium
B. lacunae
C. Periosteum
D. Canaliculi
E. volkmann's canal
A

A. Perichondrium

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23
Q 
The most common type of cartilage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cartilage
A. Ligamentous
B. hyaline
C. Elastic
D. Fibrous
E. osseous
A

B. hyaline

24
Q 
Osseous tissue is also called
A. Cartilage
B. fat
C. Cellulite
D. Bone
E. ligament
A

D. Bone

25
Q 
Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that forms the capsules that surround many organs?
A. Superficial fascia
B. hypodermis
C. Deep fascia
D. Subserous fascia
E. subcutaneous layer
A

C. Deep fascia

26
Q 
Tissue that is specialised for contraction is \_\_\_\_\_ tissue
A. Loose connective
B. dense connective
C. Epithelial
D. Nerve
E. muscle
A

E. muscle

27
Q 
The muscle tissue that shows no striations is \_\_\_\_\_ muscle
A. Skeletal
B. cardiac
C. Smooth
D. Voluntary
E. multinucleated
A

C. Smooth

28
Q 
Tissue that is specialised for the conduction of electrical impulses is \_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue
A. Connective
B. neural
C. Areolar
D. Osseous
E. epithelial
A

B. neural

29
Q

The four basic types of tissue in the body are
A. Epithelial, connective, muscle and neural
B. simple, cuboidal, squamous and stratified
C. Fibroblasts, adipocytes, melanocytes and mesenchyme
D. Lymphocytes, macrophages, macrophages and adipocytes
E. epithelial, stratified, squamous and lipid

A

A. Epithelial, connective, muscle and neural

30
Q

The three basic types of fibers in connective tissue are
A. Tendons, ligaments and elastic ligaments
B. loose, dense and irregular
C. Cartilage, bone, and collagen
D. Collagen, reticular and elastic
E. polar, cellular, and permeable

A

D. Collagen, reticular, and elastic

31
Q 
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of 
A. Smooth muscle tissue
B. cardiac muscle tissue
C. Skeletal muscle tissue
D. A, B and C
E. none of the above
A

B. cardiac muscle tissue

32
Q 
Which type of tissue provides structural support for other tissues?
A. Neural tissue
B. connective tissue
C. Endothelial tissue
D. Muscle tissue 
E. epithelial tissue
A

B. connective tissue

33
Q 
Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely \_\_\_\_\_ tissue
A. Muscle
B. neural
C. epithelial
D. connective
E. adipose
A

C. Epithelial

34
Q 
Which tissue forms coverings, linings, and glands?
A. Adipose 
B. connective
C. Epithelial 
D. Muscular
E. nervous
A

C. Epithelial

35
Q 
A pathologist examines a thin sliv of tissue with a microscope and notes numerous cells packed tightly together. No intercellular space or blood vessel is noted between cells, but the cells have polarity. One side of the cells opens into a cavity, and the other is attached to a thin layer of extracellular material. Several of the cells are in some stage of mitosis. Which primary tissue type does the pathologist see?
A. Cartilage
B. connective
C. Epithelial
D. Muscular
E. nervous
A

C. Epithelial

36
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified based on
A. The arrangement of cells in layers
B. the shaped of the cells in the most superficial layer
C. The size of the cells in the deepest layer
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B, C are correct

A

D. A and B are correct

37
Q 
Which of the following tissues provides the greatest protection from mechanical injury?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. simple cuboidal epithelium
C.stratified squamous epithelium
D. simple columnar epithelium
E. transitional epithelium
A

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

Which modification of columnar epithelium is correctly described?
A. Goblet cells: absorb mucous
B. microvilli: increase surface area for absorption
C. Elastic fibres allow connective tissues to stretch
D. Reticular fibres support and strengthen connective tissues
E. reticular fibres and elastic fibres contain glycoproteins

A

A. Collagen fibres decrease tissue flexibility

39
Q 
Which connective tissue stores triglycerides and provides cushioning and support for organs?
A. Adipose tissue
B. aerolar connective tissue
C. Dense regular
D. Dense irregular
E. elastic
A

A. Adipose tissue

40
Q 
Tendons and ligaments must withstand tension along the axis of their fibres. These structures are composed of
A. Cartilage 
B. dense regular connective tissue
C. dense irregular connective tissue
D. Elastic fibres
E. reticular fibres
A

B. dense regular connective tissue

41
Q

The four primary (basic) tissue types are epithelial, ________, muscle and nervous tissue.

A

Connective

42
Q

The ________ is the thin extracellular layer that attaches epithelial tissue to underlying structures

A

Basement membrane

43
Q

________ is the water-resistant, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin from germs and chemicals; it is not found in stratified squamous epithelia that remain moist.

A

Keratin

44
Q

_________ is the epithelial tissue that is net adapted for diffusion and vibration because it forms a single layer of thin, tile-like cells. This tissue is found in the air sacs of the lungs and in part of the kidney.

A

Simple squamous

45
Q

Simple ______ epithelia consists of roughly rectangular cells with a basal nucleus; they may be ciliated or nonciliated

A

Columnar

46
Q

__________ are unicellular exocrine glands which secrete mucous

A

Goblet cells

47
Q

The glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are classified as _______ glands

A

Endocrine

48
Q

The ________ is the material found between the cells and fibres in connective tissues

A

Ground substance

49
Q

Mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue are classified as _______ connective tissues because they are only found in the embryo and the foetus

A

Embryonic

50
Q

__________ connective tissue is characterised by a variety of fibres and cells which are loosely organised in a semi fluid ground substance. It is found in the subcutaneous layer and in other areas where structures must be kept together but still have a significant freedom to move.

A

Areolar

51
Q

The three types of cartilage are elastic, fibro and ________ cartilage. They differ primarily in the type of fibre found in the matrix

A

Hyaline

52
Q

Blood is the only liquid connective tissue. it’s fluid matrix is the _______.

A

Plasma

53
Q

Nerve and muscle tissue are classified as __________ tissues because they can respond to stimuli by generating electrical signals called action potentials

A

Excitable

54
Q

Name the 4 principal types of human tissues, and briefly describe the function of each

A

Epithelial tissue: covers body surfaces; lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts; forms glands
Connective tissue: protects and supports the body and its organs; binds organs together; stores energy reserves as fats; provides immunity
Muscle tissue: responsible for movement and generation of force
Nervous tissue: irritates ands transmits action potentials (nerve impulses) that help coordinate body activities

55
Q

Compare and contract the basic structural characteristics of epithelial tissues to those of connective tissue

A

Epithelial cells are arranged in continuous sheets, either single or multiple. Cells are packed very close together and have numerous cell junctions. There is very little extracellular material, and there are no extracellular fibres. The cells have polarity. Apical surfaces of cells are exposed to a body cavity, the lumen of a tube or organ, or the exterior of the body. The basal surfaces are attached to connective tissue via a basement membrane. Epithelial tissues are avascular, but do have a nerve supply. Connective tissues have more widely dispersed cells and fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, adipocytes, and white blood cells. They also contain a variety of fibres (elastic, collagen, reticular) that ate embedded in a ground substance. The ground substance varies from tissue to tissue and is largely responsibility for a connective tissue being solid, semi fluid or liquid

56
Q

Describe the structure and functions of the three types of muscle tissue

A

There are three types of muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle is striated and consists of multi-nucleated cylindrical cells or fibres. With the exception of the diaphragm, skeletal muscle is under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle generates the forces needed to move parts of the body attached to the skeleton. Cardiac muscle is also striated, but its cells tend to have just one nucleus and to be branched (bifurcated). There are intercalated discs at the ends of cardiac muscle cells; those discs contain gap junctions which allow materials to move rapidly from one cell to the next. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and it pumps blood through the body. Smooth muscle is also involuntary and it cells usually have just one nucleus. However, smooth muscle is not striated. Smooth muscle s found in the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs as well as in the iris of the eye. Smooth muscle helps propel materials through vessels and organs; it also adjusts diameter of such organs

57
Q

Heavy smoking destroys the pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium lining the trachea. Speculate what might happen if these cells are replaced by nonciliated epithelium during the course of tissue repair

A

The absence of cilia lining the trachea would result in the accumulation of mucus and foreign particles in the trachea. This accumulation would increase coughing to remove the materials. Eventually small airways could become completely occluded and gas exchange would be impaired

58
Q

Relate fibre orientation in tendons and the kin to the function of these organs

A

The force exerted on tendons tends to run in one direction. The collagen fibres in tendons tend to rum in the same direction, giving the tendon a great deal of strength in that direction. The skin is subject to forces bing exerted in several directions, so collagen is orientated in several directions, allowing the skin to resist these forces.

NUR149 - Week 8 to Week (11 decks)

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