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BME 312 Exam 2 > Week 9 Polymers III > Flashcards

Week 9 Polymers III Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 synthetic polymers

A
  1. poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
  2. poly (ethylene)
  3. poly (caprolactone)
  4. poly(propylene)
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2
Q

Synthetic polymers are produced through ________________

A

chemical reactions

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3
Q

What are the 4 synthetic polymers mainly used for?

A
  1. poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) - contact lenses
  2. poly (ethylene) - orthopedic joint implants
  3. poly (caprolactone) - drug delivery devices, sutures
  4. poly(propylene) - sutures
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4
Q

What are the 4 naturally derived polymers?

A
  1. alginate
  2. collagen
  3. elastin
  4. hyaluronic acid
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5
Q

What are the 4 natural polymers mainly used for?

A
  1. alginate - wound dressing
  2. collagen - orthopedic repair matrices and nerve repair
  3. elastin - skin repair
  4. hyaluronic acid - orthopedic repair and dermatology
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6
Q

What are the advantages of synthetic polymers? (5)

A
  1. produced at large scale
  2. designed into complex shapes and structures
  3. alterations in properties through chemical manipulation - degradation rates, porosity, mechanical properties)
  4. inexpensive
  5. repeatable results when produced
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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of synthetic polymers? (2)

A
  1. not fully biocompatible
  2. require addition of bioactive molecules for tissue engineering applications
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8
Q

What are the advantages of natural polymers? (4)

A
  1. biocompatible
    2.biodegradable
  2. low cytotoxicity
  3. contain native signaling molecules that can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of natural polymers? (3)

A
  1. mechanically weak
  2. less precision for tunability
  3. subject to batch-to-batch variability
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10
Q

What are polyolefins from and what are 3 properties?

A

plastic resins polymerized from polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)

  1. inert
  2. hydrophobic
  3. do not degrade
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11
Q

What are the medical applications with polypropylene (PP)? (9)

A
  1. medical vials
  2. diagnostic devices
  3. petri dishes
  4. intravenous bottles
  5. specimen bottles
  6. food trays
  7. pans
  8. pill containers
  9. disposable syringes
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12
Q

What are the 7 mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)?

A
  1. low density
  2. tough
  3. flexible
  4. modulus ~ 40 GPa
  5. Tm = 120-170 C
  6. Tg = -12 C
  7. average MW 2.2 - 7E5 g/mol
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13
Q

What is polyethylene (PE) most commonly used for? (3)

A

plastic bags, packaging, bottles

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14
Q

What are the 5 variants of polyethylene (PE)? (5)

A
  1. low density polyethylene (LDPE)
  2. high density polyethylene (HDPE)
  3. linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)
  4. ultra high density polyethylene (UHDPE)
  5. ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE)
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15
Q

What are the mechanical properties of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)? (5)

A
  1. MW > 2E6 g/mol
  2. high impact strength
  3. good biocompatibility
  4. chemically stable
  5. release of particles by friction
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16
Q

What are medical applications with UHMWPE? (5)

A
  1. sliding surfaces of artificial joints
  2. sutures for soft tissue repair
  3. catheters
  4. stent grafts
  5. heart valves
    orthopedic, cardiovascular, and neurology
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17
Q

What are the four properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE)? (4)

A
  1. derived from high temp and pressures using free radical initiators
  2. highly branched
  3. low crystallinity
  4. density 0.9 g/cm3
18
Q

What are the properties of polystyrene (PS)? (6)

A
  1. clear
  2. hard and brittle
  3. density 0.96 to 1.05 g/cm3
  4. Tm = 240 C
  5. modulus = 3000-3600 MPa
  6. dissolves in acetone but resistant to hydrolysis
19
Q

What are the uses for polystyrene? (3)

A
  1. plastic cutlery
  2. license plate frames
  3. smoke detector housings
20
Q

What are medical applications with polystyrene? (3)

A
  1. petri dishes
  2. test tubes
  3. microplates
21
Q

What are the properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)? (5)

A
  1. hydrophobic
  2. amorphous
  3. rigid
  4. Tg = 75-105 C
  5. density = 1.4 g/cm3
    mechanical properties depend on plasticizers
22
Q

What is PVC used for in medical applications? (3)

A
  1. tubes
  2. blood bags
  3. catheters
23
Q

the use of stabilizing and ______________ elements induces undesired toxicity

A

plasticizing

24
Q

What is the most common type of plasticizer that is also banned in Europe for being carcinogenic and toxic to reproduction?

A

phthalates

25
What is natural rubber made from?
tree - hevea brasiliensis
26
rubber is developed by ____________
dow corning
27
What are the medical applications with rubbers?
ophthalmological applications - formation of encapsulation in breast implants - intra-articular implants
28
What are the properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)? (4)
1. density 1.18 2. Tm 160 3. transmits lights and filters UV light below 300 nm similar to windows 4. naturally inert
29
What are the applications of PMMA? (5)
ophthalmic applications: 1. eye glasses 2. contact lenses 3. intraocular lenses 4. cosmetic surgery 5. lab-on-chip devices
30
What are the uses for biostable polycarbonate? (4)
1. membranes 2. filaments 3. nets 4. to manufacture prototypes for medical equipment
31
_________ is the most commonly used synthetic polyamide in medical applications
nylon
32
Polyamides are used in _____________ because of its high tensile strength
suture lines
33
Applications for polyurethanes (4)
coating for 1. breast implants 2. vascular equipment - aortic or gastric balloons 3. male contraceptives 4. surgical gloves
34
Applications for acetal
prototypes of medical equipment and components obtained by machining
35
Design criteria for scaffolds (8)
1. emulate in vivo environment 2. facilitate cell alignment 3. promote functional regeneration 4. stimulate vascularization and innervation 5. prevent scar tissue formation 6. tailored mechanical properties - to real tissue 7. porosity 8. degradation rate match that of regeneration of tissue
36
Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) (5)
1. good biocompatibility 2. hydrophilic 3. bioadhesion 4. excellent properties that support cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration 5. chemically or physically cross-link to form hydrogels
37
Polycaprolactone (PCL) (3)
1. semi-crystalline polyester 2. hydrophobic 3. high mechanical strength 4. biodegradable
38
Common uses for PCL (3)
1. fused deposition modeling 2. electrospinning techniques 3. tissue engineering - surgical sutures, anchors, brackets, and so forth
39
Polylactic Acid (PLA) (3)
1. hydrophobic aliphatic polyester 2. good biocompatibility 3. biodegraded by hydrolysis and enzyme activity
40
Applications with PLA (3)
1. suture stents 2. cellular carrier drug delivery 3. drug-carrying nanoparticles

BME 312 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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