Week 9- Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What is a nucleotide composed of?
Nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphate
What are the pyrimidines found in nucleic acids?
- Cytosine (found in DNA and RNA)
- Thymine (found only in DNA)
- Uracil (found only in RNA)
What are the purines found in nucleic acids?
- Adenine (found in both RNA and DNA)
- Guanine (found in both RNA and DNA)
What is a nucleoside?
Sugar + base
List the deoxyribonucleosides.
- Deoxyadenosine
- Deoxyguanosine
- Deoxythymidine
- Deoxycytidine
List the ribonucleosides.
- Adenosine
- Guanosine
- Uridine
- Cytidine
What charge does a phosphate group have at neutral pH?
Negatively charged
What are the three types of nucleotides based on phosphate groups?
- Nucleoside monophosphate (NMP)
- Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP)
- Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)
What are the functions of nucleotides?
- Building blocks for DNA and RNA
- Energy source (ATP)
- Enzyme cofactors (NAD+, FAD, coenzyme A)
- Signaling molecules (cAMP)
What is the ATP/ADP cycle?
ADP + Pi → ATP
What is the structure of the DNA backbone?
5’ → 3’
What is the Watson-Crick model of DNA?
It describes the double helix structure of DNA.
What are the structural forms of DNA?
- A form: anti
- B form: anti
- Z form: syn and anti
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
(DNA)n + dNTP → (DNA)n+1 + PPi
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
(RNA)n + NTP → (RNA)n+1 + PPi
What are the components of a ribosome?
- Small subunit
- Large subunit
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA sequencing?
Separation of DNA fragments
What is ddNTP in the Sanger method of DNA sequencing?
Dideoxynucleoside triphosphate
Fill in the blank: The building blocks of nucleic acids are _______.
[nucleotides]
