Week 9 - Liver Flashcards
Fatty Liver Disease
accumulation of fat (steatosis) in the liver
alcoholic liver disease
steatosis in the liver associated with excessive alcohol intake
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
steatosis in the liver in the absence of excessive alcohol intake
most extreme form of NAFLD
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis A and E can be spread via
contaminated food and water
Which of A and E cause chronic infection
E
Which hepatitis can infect and inflame the liver?
B,C,D, and E
What is the hepatitis and nutrition connection?
There is no nutrition connection with preventing these viruses.
Fibrosis:
excessive deposition of collagen in a tissue
Cirrhosis:
irreversible architectural disturbance characterised by nodules of hepatocytes with intervening fibrosis.
Genetic Liver Diseases:
Gilbert’s Syndrome, Haemochromatosis
Liver Function - Carbohydrates
- Converts fructose and galactose to glucose.
- Makes and stores glycogen.
- Makes glucose from AA and glycerol.
- Converts excess glucose to FA.
Liver Function - Proteins
- Manufactures non-essential AA
- Removes ammonia from blood to convert to urea from excretion
- Makes nitrogen containing compound
- Makes plasma proteins, e.g. clotting factors
Liver Function - Lipids
- Builds and breaks down triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol
- Breaks down FA when needed
- Makes lipoproteins to transport excess lipids
- Makes ketone bodies where necessary
Liver Functions - Other
- Detoxifies alcohol and other drugs.
- Helps dismantle old RBCs and captures iron for recycling.
- Stores most vitamins and many minerals.
Liver - worldwide burden
cirrhosis of the liver ranked 11th
1.8% of deaths
980 000 deaths
Liver - Australian burden
- Two million Australians are, or have been, affected by liver, bile duct or gall bladder disease
- More than 2000 Australians die each year from chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and cancers of the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts…
- Liver cancer most rapidly increasing cancer worldwide
Which hepatitis significantly increase the risk of liver cancer?
Hepatitis B and C.
NAFLD, ALD, and NASH can lead to:
cirrhosis and liver failure
Known risk factors for NAFLD:
- obesity
- type 2 diabetes
- hyperlipidemia
- other associations: insulin resistance, high blood pressure
Consequences: reduced function of the liver in ADL and NASH:
- Difficulty with gluconeogenesis which can lead to CNS damage (encephalopathy)
- Over-abundance of Acetyl-CoA with low BGL leads to ketosis (nervous system impact again)
- Reduced immune function due to alcohol altering AA and protein metabolism.
Cirrhosis can lead to:
- Portal hypertension (oesophageal varices), liver failure (ascites, jaundice, muscle wasting, encephalopathy), liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma).
[Portal hypertension can lead to ascites.] - jaundice, blood clotting abnormalities, steatorrhoea, osteoporosis
Deaths Australia ALD
9-11% rise in last 30 years
In 2007, 676 people died from ALD
