Week 9 - Kidney

Question 1

Acute Kidney Disease

Answer 1

A sudden drop in kidney function as a result of trauma

Question 2

Chronic Kidney Disease

Answer 2

The occurrence of kidney damage and/or reduced kidney function lasting for at least 3 months.

Question 3

Kidney Disease - worldwide burden

Answer 3

2011 - ranked 14th leading cause of deahts

1.5% / 815 000

Question 4

Kidney Disease - Australian burden

Answer 4

1 in 3 is at increased risk of developing CKD.

Approx. 1.7 million Australians >=18yrs have indicators of CKD.

Question 5

Adult Australians are at an increased risk of CKD if they:

Answer 5

• are >60 years
• are of ATSI origin
• have diabetes
• family history of kidney disease
• established heart problems and/or stroke
• have high blood pressure
• are obese
• are a smoker

Question 6

Three top causes of end stage kidney disease in Australia:

Answer 6

• Diabetes
• Nephritis or inflammation of the kidney
• Hypertension

Question 7

Signs and symptoms - CKD

Answer 7

• high bp
• changes in amount/number of times urine is passed
• changes in the appearance of urine
• blood in the urine
• headaches
• lack of concentration
• itching
• shortness of breath
• pain in the kidney area
• puffiness

Question 8

Stages of Kidney diseases - measured by, numbers

Answer 8

GFR

1. Normal - >=90ml/min/1.73m2
2. 60-89
   3a. mild-moderate - 45-59
   3b. moderate 30-44
3. severe 15-29
4. kidney failure <15

Question 9

How does hypertension affect GFR?

Answer 9

Increases the risk of impaired GFR and albuminuria by 3-fold

Question 10

How does diabetes affect albuminuria, kidney function?

Answer 10

Increases risk of developing albuminuria 5-fold, reduced kidney function 2-fold

Question 11

What percentages of ESKD are caused by diabetes, glomerulonephritis, hypertension/atherosclerosis?

Answer 11

diabetes: 30%
glomerulo. ..: 25%
hypertension: 13%

Question 12

How much does CKD affect the risk of CVD?

Answer 12

10-30 times

Question 13

How does cholesterol affect kidneys?

Answer 13

Can clog renal arteries and lead to loss of kidney function.

Question 14

Effect of alcohol:

Answer 14

Chronic consumption can lead to increased kidney size, high blood pressure.

Question 15

Effect of protein:

Answer 15

Protein increases the work load of kidneys there is no evidence that protein intake causes CKD.

Question 16

Physical activity guidelines:

Answer 16

30 minutes per day of moderate-intensity activity: blood pressure, weight management

Question 17

How much more likely ESKD with ATSI?

Answer 17

• End-stage kidney disease is 6x as high among this group compared to non-Indigenous.

Question 18

Practical Implications for Prevention:

Answer 18

• Kidney disease is often preventable because most of the risks are modifiable.
• would also reduce obesity, T2DM, CVD

Question 19

Kidney Health Australia’s tips for protecting kidneys:

Answer 19

• Eat a healthy diet full of fresh fruit and vegetables.
• Maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
• Maintain healthy weight for your height.
• Drink water.
• Drink alcohol in moderation: 2sd per day for men, 1 for women
• If you have diabetes, maintain good blood glucose control.