Week 9 - Kidney Flashcards
Acute Kidney Disease
A sudden drop in kidney function as a result of trauma
Chronic Kidney Disease
The occurrence of kidney damage and/or reduced kidney function lasting for at least 3 months.
Kidney Disease - worldwide burden
2011 - ranked 14th leading cause of deahts
1.5% / 815 000
Kidney Disease - Australian burden
1 in 3 is at increased risk of developing CKD.
Approx. 1.7 million Australians >=18yrs have indicators of CKD.
Adult Australians are at an increased risk of CKD if they:
- are >60 years
- are of ATSI origin
- have diabetes
- family history of kidney disease
- established heart problems and/or stroke
- have high blood pressure
- are obese
- are a smoker
Three top causes of end stage kidney disease in Australia:
- Diabetes
- Nephritis or inflammation of the kidney
- Hypertension
Signs and symptoms - CKD
- high bp
- changes in amount/number of times urine is passed
- changes in the appearance of urine
- blood in the urine
- headaches
- lack of concentration
- itching
- shortness of breath
- pain in the kidney area
- puffiness
Stages of Kidney diseases - measured by, numbers
GFR
- Normal - >=90ml/min/1.73m2
- 60-89
3a. mild-moderate - 45-59
3b. moderate 30-44 - severe 15-29
- kidney failure <15
How does hypertension affect GFR?
Increases the risk of impaired GFR and albuminuria by 3-fold
How does diabetes affect albuminuria, kidney function?
Increases risk of developing albuminuria 5-fold, reduced kidney function 2-fold
What percentages of ESKD are caused by diabetes, glomerulonephritis, hypertension/atherosclerosis?
diabetes: 30%
glomerulo. ..: 25%
hypertension: 13%
How much does CKD affect the risk of CVD?
10-30 times
How does cholesterol affect kidneys?
Can clog renal arteries and lead to loss of kidney function.
Effect of alcohol:
Chronic consumption can lead to increased kidney size, high blood pressure.
Effect of protein:
Protein increases the work load of kidneys there is no evidence that protein intake causes CKD.
Physical activity guidelines:
30 minutes per day of moderate-intensity activity: blood pressure, weight management
How much more likely ESKD with ATSI?
- End-stage kidney disease is 6x as high among this group compared to non-Indigenous.
Practical Implications for Prevention:
- Kidney disease is often preventable because most of the risks are modifiable.
- would also reduce obesity, T2DM, CVD
Kidney Health Australia’s tips for protecting kidneys:
- Eat a healthy diet full of fresh fruit and vegetables.
- Maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
- Maintain healthy weight for your height.
- Drink water.
- Drink alcohol in moderation: 2sd per day for men, 1 for women
- If you have diabetes, maintain good blood glucose control.
