Week 9 Hydrotherapy Flashcards
water has a ____ specific heat and ____ ____ - heat transfer by conduction and convention
high; thermal conductivity
what is buoyancy?
-an upward thrust against gravity
-when a body is immersed in liquid it experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the displace liquid (the body appears to weigh less in the water than in air)
-can help with the stress of exercise on the joints and muscles
how does water apply resistance?
-work has to be done in the opposite direction of buoyancy to experience resistance
-the greater the speed of the liquid = the higher the viscosity.
-resistance depends on the speed and shape of the object. there will be more resistance on larger more spread out objects
what is hydrostatic pressure in relation to hydrotherapy?
-the force the water places on the body part (equal in all directions)
-the further the depth of the water the more pressure applied to the body.
-hydrostatic pressure is dependent on the depth of the submerged part and density of the liquid. motion will be easier at the waters surface
what is viscosity?
-the internal friction of liquids (cohesive forces between molecules)
-varying speed pf exercises changes resistance
-increases in proportion to the relative speed of the body’s motion
-increases with area of contact
what are the physiological effects of hydrotherapy?
-cleansing
-musculoskeletal
-cardiovascular
-respiratory
-renal
-psychological
what are the cleansing effects of of hydrotherapy?
-softens materials (scars or wounds)
-exerts pressure
-debriding agent for exudate or necrotic tissue
-antimicrobial or surfactant additives may be used
what are the musculoskeletal effects of hydrotherapy?
-buoyancy decreases weight bearing
-resistance provides force for strengthening
-hydrostatic pressure increases resting muscle blood flow by 100%-225% during immersion of the body up to the neck
what are the cardiovascular effects of hydrotherapy?
-venous blood displaces proximally from the extremities (enhanced venous return)
-with immersion to the neck, central blood volume increased by ~60%; cardiac volume increase by ~30% (~30% increase in cardiac output); lower heart rate response to exercise
-RPE should be used to guide intensity since HR response in blunted
what are the respiratory effects of hydrotherapy?
-increased work of breathing
-chest wall compression
-increased circulation in chest cavity
-humidity reduced exercise-induced asthma
what are the renal effects of hydrotherapy?
-increased urine production
-increased renal blood flow
-increased central blood volume
-decreased ADH and aldosterone
what are the psychological effects of hydrotherapy?
relaxing or invigorating depending on temperature
what are the uses of hydrotherapy?
-superficial heating or cooling
-water exercise
-pain control
-edema control
-wound care
what are the advantages of using hydrotherapy for superficial heating and cooling?
-perfect contact with skin
-does not need to be fastened to the body
-allows movement
what are the disadvantages of using hydrotherapy for superficial heating and cooling?
dependent position may aggravate edema
what is water exercises used for?
-to increase circulation, muscle strength, joint viscoelasticity, flexibility, range of motion, ambulation, coordination, cardiovascular and vascular conditioning, psychological wellbeing
-leads to decreased pain, muscle spasm, and stiffness
what temperature should the pool be for exercise?
79 to 90 degrees
how does hydrotherapy help with pain control?
-provides high level of sensory stimulation to gate transmission of pain
-cold water may reduce inflammation
-decreased weight bearing may reduce joint compression
how does hydrotherapy help with edema control?
-due to hydrostatic pressure
-results in change in circulation and renal function
-requires deep immersion
-cold way may also cause vasocontraction and reduce vascular permeability (avoid hot water immersion)
how does hydrotherapy help with wound care?
-accelerate wound healing
-facilitates rehydration, softening, debridement
-may improve circulation
what are some considerations for wound care with hydrotherapy?
-immersion vs nonimmersion
-+/- additives
-pain, particularly with debridement of burns
-negative pressure wound therapy (wound vac)
what temperature should the water be for reduce inflammation?
32-79 degrees
what temperature should the water be for exercise?
79-92 degrees
what temperature should the water be for open wounds, control tone?
92-96 degrees
