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N102 > Week 9: Critical Thinking and Reflection > Flashcards

Week 9: Critical Thinking and Reflection Flashcards

1
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

the basis of all our clinical reasoning, problem-solving, and decision making.
It is a complex, analytical method of thinking, in which you purposefully use specific thinking skills to make clinical decisions.
It is a purposeful use of cognitive framework to identify and analyze problems

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2
Q

What does critical thinking enable us to do?

A

recognize emergent situations, make clear, objective, clinical decisions, and intervene appropriately to give safe, effective care.

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3
Q

What are the three types of reflection?

A

Content, process, and critical

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4
Q

What is the most important type of reflection for nurses?

A

Critical reflection

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5
Q

What is critical reflection IN action? What does it allow you to do?

A

thinking about what you are doing while you are doing it. You consider how your planned interventions are having an impact on moving towards the outcome you are seeking. This allows you to analyze as you go and make changes

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6
Q

What is critical reflection ON action?

A

looking back at the situation as a whole after the fact. Views the situation objectively, move towards application of new methods of action.

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7
Q

How does one critically think?

A

PROCESS: approach problems in a systematic, organized and goal-oriented way when making clinical decisions.
ACT: obtain more facts, logically organize them, make connections to past. Not linear -constant reassessment and alternative interventions.
REFLECT: engage in self-reflective inquiry. Solve problems based on available evidence. Attitute of openness to new learning and willingness to consciosly apply it.

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8
Q

What are barriers to thinking critically?

A
  • attitutes and habits
  • cognitive dissonance
  • personal values vs. professional values
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9
Q

How do attitutes and habits affect our ability to think critically?

A
  • they interfere our ability to empower pts to make their own decisions, impede communication with pts and families making comlex bioethical choices.

“my way is better” “only one right answer”; acting defensively resisting changes; desiring to conform to expectations; stereotypes interfere with our ability to treat a pt as an individual

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10
Q

How does cognitive dissonance affect our ability to think critically?

A

holding 2 or more conflicting values at the same time - discrepancy between what you already believe and some new info that does not match your view.

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11
Q

How do personal values vs. professional values affect our ability to think critically?

A

Understanding that as we mature we have strong held personal values that may differ from our professional values which we learn in the profession. It is important to uphold professional values and to be able to view the two separately when needed to think critically.

MUST take care that we do not allow our personal values to obstruct for a pt who holds differing values.

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12
Q

Is critical thinking a linear process? Who can critically think?

A

No

everyone - it is a learned skill

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13
Q

What are characteristics of a critical thinker who acts with knowledge?

A
  • reflective/anticipates consequences
  • combines existing knowledge with new info
  • creative thinking
  • recognizes when info is missing and seeks for it
  • discards irrelevant info
  • effectively interpret existing data
  • considers alternative solutions
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14
Q

What are characteristis of a critical thinking who uses specific skills?

A
  • orderly - logical reasoning
  • seek relevant info
  • recognizes deciations from expected patters
  • revise actions on new input
  • evaluate solutions and outcomes
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15
Q

What attitute characteristics does a cvritical thinking exhibit?

A
  • inquisitive (desire to seek truth)
  • analytic thinking
  • open mindedness/flexibility
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16
Q

What are the 3 main steps of clinical decision making process?

A
  1. PROCESS (collect data, pts preferences, seek info)
  2. ACT (interpret/identify problem, diagnose and set goals, implement interventions)
  3. REFLECT: evaluate outcome, reevaulate actions, reflect on new learning)
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17
Q

What does functioning as a competent nurse require?

A
  • knowledge of medical and nursing content
  • “best practie” guidelines
  • accumulation of clinical experiences
  • ability to think critically
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18
Q

What cognitive skills are used to make clinical decisions? (6)

A
  1. interpretion
  2. analysis
  3. inference (a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning)
  4. evaluation
  5. explanation
  6. self - regulation
19
Q

Critical Thinking Skill: Interpretation

A

Be orderly in data collection. Look for patterns to categorize collected data. Clarify uncertain data.

20
Q

Critical Thinking Skill: Analysis

A

Open-mindedness while looking at information. Be open-minded as you look at info about a patient. Do not make careless assumptions.

21
Q

Critical Thinking Skill: Inference

A

Look at the meaning and significance of findings. Are there relationships between findings?

22
Q

Critical Thinking Skill: Evaluation

A

Look at all situations objectively. Use criteria to determine results of nursing actions.

23
Q

Critical Thinking Skill: Explanation

A

Support your findings and conclusions. Use knowledge and experience to choose strategies.

24
Q

Critical Thinking Skill: Self-regulation

A

Reflect on your experiences and identify ways to improve your performance.

25
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking (7)

A

Truth seeking, Open-mindedness, Analyticity, Systematicity, Self-confidence, Inquisitiveness, and Cognitive Maturity.

26
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking: Truth-Seeking

A

Seek the true meaning of a situation. Be courageous, honest, and objective about asking questions

27
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking: Open-Mindedness

A

Be tolerant to different views, be sensitive to the possibility of your own prejudices, respect the right of others to have different opinions

28
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking: Analyticity

Analytic Approach

A

Analyze potentially problematic situations, anticipate possible results or consequences, value reason, use evidence based knowledge

29
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking: Systematicity (Systematic Approach)

A

Be organized, focused, and work hard in any inquiry

30
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking: Self-Confidence

A

Trust in your own reasoning process

31
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking: Inquisitiveness

A

Be eager to acquire knowledge, and learn explanations even when applications of the knowledge are not immediately clear

32
Q

Concepts of Critical Thinking: Maturity

A

Multiple solutions are acceptable to one problem. Reflects on your judgments and have cognitive maturity

33
Q

What strategies can be used to help DEVELOP critical thinking? (3)
How?

A
  1. Case based learning: apply diagnostic reasoning, inference, and clinical decision making without harming a pt)
  2. Reflective writing: allows you to purposely recall a situation and search for areas of imrovement
  3. concept mapping: gives you a broader and more complex understanding of pts health care needs and demonstrates your integration of theory into practice. Save them and use in future for pts with similar health concerns.
34
Q

What is reflection?

A

Allows you to move form existing to emerging situations and connect initial understanding with deepr understanding. Guides you to explore your experiences in order to develop new understandings and appreciation

35
Q

Why do we reflect?

A
  • process our emotions
  • communicate with others
  • get support
  • release feelings of frustration
  • change our behaviours
  • commit things to memory
36
Q

Types of reflection? (3)

A

Content
Process
Critical

37
Q

What is content reflection?

A

“WHAT”

looks at what happened. Basic level. Answered by facts.

38
Q

What is process reflection?

A

“WHY”

looks at how experience happened. Problem solving strategies.

39
Q

What is critical reflection?

A

“HOW”

looks at problem in detail. Analyze content and process in detail.

40
Q

What is critical reflection?

A
  • dynamic proess (learn and improve)
  • complex
  • looks at the larger context
  • avoids assumptions
  • examines meaning and perspectives
41
Q

Critical reflection is acted upon in two way?

A

IN and OUT

42
Q

List the components of the Gibb’s cycle? (6 steps)

A

Description (what happened)
Feelings (what were you thinking and feelings)
Evaluation (what was good and bad about experience)
Description (sense of situation)
Conclusion (what else could have you done)
Action Plan (if it arose again, what would you do)

43
Q

Critical evaluation tool in the BSN program consists of? (3)

A
  1. Clinical outcomes and indicators
  2. Clinical examples
  3. Critical reflection

N102 (4 decks)

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