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N4400 > Week 9 - Concussions > Flashcards

Week 9 - Concussions Flashcards

1
Q

Which gender is more susceptible to concussions?

A

Women

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2
Q

True or False

A - Helmets and mouthguards are an important part of prevention
B - Concussions often involve a blow to the head and loss of consciousness
C - Multiple concussions predispose you to further concussion
D - CT scans are used to confirm diagnoses

A

A - False
B - False
C - True
D - False

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3
Q

Brain injury that can be caused by a sudden acceleration of the head and/or neck resulting from a blow to the head or contact to the body

A

Concussion

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4
Q

Describe prognostic factors for concussions.

A

No definitive factors, but if more severe symptoms manifest early, recovery will often be delayed

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5
Q

When do concussion symptoms appear?

A

Immediately, or hours to days following the initial injury

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6
Q

Describe rest in concussion management.

A

Rest is encouraged for the first 24-48 hours, then gradual return to activity

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7
Q

Who notices concussions the most?

A

People around the person, rather than the person

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8
Q

What are the 4 symptom clusters for concussions?

A

Physical, cognitive, emotional, sleep

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9
Q

What are the big-ticket items for common symptoms of concussions?

A

Headache, balance issues, irritability, nervousness, disruption of sleep patterns

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10
Q

The majority of concussions are related to what?

A

sports

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11
Q

Describe the importance of baseline assessments.

A

No evidence supports their administration

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12
Q

Why might an athlete not report their symptoms?

A 
Do not want to end their season
Do not want to be restricted from play
Don't want to let the team down
May not recognize it as a concussion
May not recognize the severity of a concussion
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13
Q

What are some questions to ask if someone comes to a walk-in following a potential concussion?

A

Whether they had one before
What was the mechanism of injury
What are the symptoms
Ask if the person returned to play

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14
Q

When you witness an initial injury which may be a concussion, what is important?

A

Follow basic first-aid principles
Do not attempt to move the athlete (Except for airway management) unless trained to do so
Assessment of a spinal cord injury is critical part of the assessment
Do not remove a helmet or other equipment unless trained to do so

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15
Q

What are tools for sideline assessment of concussion?

A

SCAT 5 (13+)
Child SCAT 5 (5-12)
Post-concussion symptom scale

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16
Q

How long should the SCAT-5 take to administer?

A

at least 10 minutes

17
Q

We don’t we rely on the GCS?

A

not as sensitive as the SCAT and most people with concussions will still score 14/15

18
Q

What is an important consideration for the post-concussion symptom scale?

A

when athletes complete the tool individually, tend to do it more honestly than if they were asked the questions

19
Q

How is a diagnosis of concussion accomplished?

A

Clinical diagnosis supported by:

  • Hx (mechanism of injury and previous concussion Hx)
  • comprehensive physical examination
  • assessment of cognitive function
  • assessment of balance
  • recognize and remove
  • baseline testing
20
Q

For concussion management, describe physical rest.

A

For the first 24-48 hours - rest until symptoms resolve
Then, gradual return
Return to learn first

21
Q

For concussion management, describe cognitive rest.

A

24-48 hours full rest - no screen time, reading

if the person is not photophobic or sound-sensitive, the room doesn’t have to be pitch dark

22
Q

Describe the concussion recovery pattern.

A

Follow up with PCP - majority recover over a few days to weeks, with education about symptom management

Follow-up required, further assessment may be required if symptoms do not resolve fully or considered to be high risk for prolonged recovery

Persistent symptoms, interdisciplinary care required

23
Q

What is the usual recovery course for concussions?

A

> 2 weeks for adults

>4 weeks for children/youth

24
Q

For what cohorts may recovery from a concussion take longer?

A 
older adults or teens
Females
Return to work/school/play too quickly
Concussion hx
Hx of migraine, depression or anxiety
Hx of sleep difficulties
Showing signs of vestibular and/or visual abnormalities
25
Q

Describe the return to learn/physical activity.

A

Staged approach

Light exercise which ramps up - a little bit each day without symptom involvement

26
Q

Describe a yellow-shirted athlete.

A

Way to distinguish from other players - not to be touched; indicates the player is gradually getting back to full play

27
Q

What is a serious risk of entertaining another concussion while the first is still healing?

A

Diffuse cerebral swelling, a rare condition that is more common in children and frequently fatal

28
Q

What does Rowan’s law state?

A

Medical clearance of all concussed athletes before they return to play
Mandatory concussion education for all young athletes, parents and coaches
The immediate removal of young athletes from play if a concussion is suspected
Strict adherence to return-to-learn and return-to-play protocols for youth athletes with concussions

29
Q

How can concussion rates be reduced or prevented?

A

Education and awareness (coaches, parents, athletes)
Change in bodychecking age
Protocols in sports
Change in culture

30
Q

Unique neurodegenerative condition which is associated with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

A

CTE - chronic trumatic encephalopathy

31
Q

CTE was previously reported in boxes under what name?

A

Dementia pugilistica

32
Q

What are Sx’s of CTE?

A

Loss of attention/concentration, depression, mood swings, explositivity, ST memory loss, aggression, dementia

33
Q

Describe the link between CTE and concussion.

A

Correlation, but no definitive proof

34
Q

What are the 11 Rs of SRC management?

What are the 5 most important?

A 
Recognize*
remove (From play)*
re-evaluate*
rest*
rehabilitation
refer (for persistent Sx)
recovery
return to sport*
reconsider
Residual effects and sequelae
Risk prevention

N4400 (12 decks)

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