Week 9 [Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs] Flashcards
a substance other than food or vitamins, that when taken in small quantities alters one’s physical, mental, or emotional state
DRUG
drugs that alter sensory perceptions, mood, thought processes, or behavior
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
a nonevaluative term referring to drug-taking behavior in general; regardless of whether the behavior is appropriate
DRUG USE
a physiological state in which discontinued drug use results in clinical illness
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
- is use of a drug when it is detrimental to one’s health or well-being.
- occurs when one takes a prescription or nonprescription drug for a purpose other than that for which it is medically approved.
- the use of alcohol and nicotine by those under the legal age is considered drug abuse
DRUG ABUSE
inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs
DRUG MISUSE
- a psychological and sometimes physical state characterized by a craving for a drug.
- occurs when a user feels that a particular drug is necessary for normal functioning
DRUG (CHEMICAL) DEPENDENCE
a psychological state characterized by an overwhelming desire to continue use of a drug
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
these are factors that increases the probability of drug use
RISK FACTORS
these are factors that lower the probability of drug use
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
Risk and protective factors can be either – or –
GENETIC or ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS
include personality traits, such as impulsiveness, depressive mood, susceptibility to stress, or possibly personality disturbances
PERSONAL FACTORS
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS
Family structure, family dynamics, quality of parenting, and family problems can all contribute to drug experimentation by children and adolescents
HOME AND FAMILY LIFE
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS
- Perceived and actual drug use by peers influences attitudes and choices by adolescents.
- Perceived support of drinking by peers is the single most important factor in an adolescent’s choice to drink.
SCHOOL PEER AND GROUPS
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS
- The notion of environmental risk includes the effects of sociocultural and physical settings on drug-taking behavior
- Environmental risk for drug-taking can stem from one’s immediate neighborhood or from society at large.
SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSED AND RESULTING PROBLEMS
are drugs that can be legally bought and sold in the marketplace, including those that are closely regulated, like morphine; those that are lightly regulated, like alcohol and tobacco; and still others that are not regulated at all, like caffeine
LEGAL DRUG
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSED AND RESULTING PROBLEMS
the number one problem drug by almost any standard of measurement
* the number of those who abuse it
* the number of injuries and injury deaths it causes
* the amount of money spent on it
* and its social and economic costs to society through broken homes and lost wage.
ALCOHOL
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSED AND RESULTING PROBLEMS
- one for whom alcohol consumption results in a medical, social, or other type of problem.
- They begin to experience personal, interpersonal, legal, or financial problems because of their alcohol consumption.
PROBLEM DRINKER
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSED AND RESULTING PROBLEMS
- a disease characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with drinking, and continued use of alcohol despite adverse consequences.
- Alcoholism is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations
ALCOHOLISM
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSED AND RESULTING PROBLEMS
Two (2) important characteristics of alcoholism
- Physical dependence on alcohol
- Loss of control over one’s drinking
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSED AND RESULTING PROBLEMS
the percentage of concentration of alcohol in the blood
BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC)
Community Health Problems resulting from drinking:
Five (5)
- Underage drinking
- Vehicular accident
- Unintentional injuries [drowning, falls, fires, and burns]
- Intentional violence [child abuse, rape and other sexual assault, homicide, assault, suicide, and spouse and partner abuse]
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
- a range of disorders caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol.
- caused by drinking during pregnancy and include diagnoses such as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD), and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARND).
FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER (FASD)
Represents the most involved end of the FASD spectrum.
* People with FAS have central nervous system (CNS) problems, minor facial features, and growth problems.
* People with FAS can have problems with learning, memory, attention span, communication, vision, or hearing.
* They might have a mix of these problems. People with FAS often have a hard time in school and trouble getting along with others.
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)
People with this disease might have problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones or with hearing
ALCOHOL-RELATED BIRTH DEFECTS (ARBD)
- People with this disorder might have intellectual disabilities and problems with behavior and learning.
- They might do poorly in school and have difficulties with math, memory, attention, judgment, and poor impulse control
ALCOHOL-RELATED NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER (ARND)
Is the psychoactive and addictive drug present in tobacco products such as cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, smokeless or “spit” tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff), and pipe tobacco.
NICOTINE
It is the single most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death
TOBACCO USE
- Increased risks for heart disease
- Lung cancer
- Chronic obstructive lung disease
- Stroke
- Emphysema and other conditions
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF TOBACCO USE
The effects of this smoke indicated that adults and children who inhale the tobacco smoke of others (passive smoking) are also at increased risk for cardiac and respiratory illnesses.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE [ETS; SECONDHAND SMOKE]
drugs that can be legally purchased without a physician’s prescription
OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) DRUGS
Included in this section are:
1. Internal analgesics
aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and ibuprofen (Advil)
2. Cough and cold remedies (Robitussin)
3. Emetics
4. Laxatives
5. Mouthwashes
6. Vitamins and many others
OTC DRUGS
Can be purchased only with a physician’s (or dentist’s) written instructions (prescription).
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
These are also subject to misuse and abuse
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
These are types of —:
1. Re-use of previously prescribed OTC drugs
2. Giving of one person’s prescription drug to another.
MISUSE
are drugs regulated by the “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” including all illegal drugs and prescription drugs that are subject to abuse and can produce dependence.
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
drugs that cannot be legally manufactured, distributed, or sold, and that usually lack recognized medicinal value
ILLICIT (ILLEGAL) DRUGS
The following are examples of —:
1. Marijuana
2. Synthetic marijuana
3. Narcotics (Opium, Morphine, Heroin)
4. Cocaine and crack cocaine
5. Stimulants (Amphetamines)
6. Depressants (Barbiturates, Benzodiazapines)
7. Club drugs and designer drugs
8. Anabolic drugs (Steroids)
9. Inhalants (psychoactive breathable chemicals)
ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES
The prevention and control of alcohol and other drug abuse require a knowledge of the:
Seven (7)
- causes of drug-taking behavior
- sources of illicit drugs
- drug laws
- treatment programs
- community organizing skills
- persistence
- cooperation among a vast array of concerned individuals and official and unofficial agencies
It is a level of prevention aimed at those who have never used drugs, and their goal is to prevent or forestall the initiation of drug use
* Drug education programs that stress primary prevention of drug and alcohol use are most appropriate
* Any activity that would reduce the likelihood of primary drug use
raising the price of alcohol and increasing cigarette taxes
PRIMARY PREVENTION
It is a level of prevention aimed at those who have begun alcohol or other drug use but who have not become chronic abusers and have not suffered significant physical or mental impairment from their drug or alcohol abuse
Screening
SECONDARY PREVENTION
It is a level of prevention designed to provide drug abuse treatment and aftercare, including relapse prevention programs
TERTIARY PREVENTION
Four basic elements play a role in drug abuse prevention and control:
- Education
- Treatment
- Public Policy
- Enforcement
The purpose of — is to
1. limit the demand for drugs by providing information about drugs and the dangers of
drug abuse.
2. changing attitudes and beliefs about drugs
3. providing the skills necessary to abstain from drugs
4. and ultimately changing drug abuse behavior
DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION
- Its goal is to remove the physical, emotional, and environmental conditions that have contributed to drug dependency.
- Aims to reduce demand for drugs.
- It also aims to save money.
- In drug abuse treatment, what happens after the initial treatment phase is critical.
TREATMENT
The continuing care provided to the recovering former drug abuser. Involves peer group or self-help support group meetings
AFTERCARE
- embodies the guiding principles and courses of action pursued by governments to solve practical problems affecting society
- This should guide the budget discussions that ultimately determine how much a community spends for education, treatment, and law enforcement
PUBLIC POLICY
It is the application of federal, state, and local laws to arrest, jail, bring to trial, and sentence those who break drug laws or break laws because of drug use
LAW ENFORCEMENT
Its primary roles are to:
1. Control drug use;
2. To control crime, especially crime related to drug use and drug trafficking—the buying, selling,
manufacturing, or transporting of illegal drugs;
3. To prevent the establishment of crime organizations; and
4. To protect neighborhoods. Law enforcement is concerned with limiting the supply of drugs in the community by interrupting the source, transit, and distribution of drugs
LAW ENFORCEMENT
These are involved in drug abuse prevention, control, and treatment include a multitude of federal, state, and local agencies. It aims to reduce either the supply of or the demand for drugs
GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
- Can occur in a variety of settings, such as child care facilities, public housing, religious institutions, businesses, and health care facilities
- Most likely to be successful when they include six key
features:
1. A comprehensive strategy
2. An indirect approach to drug abuse prevention
3. The goal of empowering youth
4. A participatory approach
5. A culturally sensitive orientation
6. Highly structured activities
COMMUNITY-BASED DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Most health educators believe that a strong, comprehensive school health education program—one that occupies a permanent and prominent place in the school curriculum—is the best defense against all health problems, including drug abuse
SCHOOL-BASED DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS
It had also become apparent to all that drug abuse is not just a personal health problem and a law enforcement problem, but that it also is a behavior that affects the safety and productivity of others, especially at work.
WORKPLACE-BASED DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS
- Drug prevention and control programs are carried out at the local level with the cooperation and effort of many community members.
- A large number of — have been founded to prevent or control the social and personal consequences of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse
VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES
