WEEK 9 Flashcards
Give 10 actions of Sympathetic innervation throughout the body
1) dilates pupils
2) inhibits saliva production
3) bronchodilation
4) raises heart rate
5) inhibits activity of digestive organs
6) inhibits activity of the pancreas
7) inhibits the gall bladder
8) stimulates the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline and noradrenaline
9) relaxes urinary bladder
10) stimulates orgasm in genitals of M+F
Give 9 actions of Parasympathetic innervation throughout the body
1) constricts pupils
2) increases saliva production
3) bronchoconstriction
4) reduces heart rate
5) stimulates activity of digestive organs
6) stimulates activity of the pancreas
7) stimulates activity of gall bladder
8) constricts urinary bladder
9) stimulates erection of genitals of M+F
What is the neurotransmitter in the SNS from the Pre-G to the Post-G?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What is the receptor in the SNS from the Pre-G to the Post-G?
nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)
What is the neurotransmitter in the SNS from the Post-G to the effector?
Noradrenaline (NAd)
What is the receptor in the SNS from the Post-G to the effector?
adrenergic receptor
What is the neurotransmitter in the PNS from the Pre-G to the Post-G?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What is the receptor in the PNS from the Pre-G to the Post-G?
nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)
What is the neurotransmitter in the PNS from the Post-G to the effector?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What is the receptor in the PNS from the Post-G to the effector?
muscarinic Acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)
What is the small difference in the nicotinic cholinergic receptors in ganglia compared to at the NMJ?
At NMJ, the main receptor alpha-subtype is alpha-1. In the NS, it’s alpha-2-7
What is hexamethonium?
An antagonist for the neuronal subtype of nAChRs that is not competitive-blocks pores that open due to ligand binding (ACh can still bind)
What is the result of hexamethonium?
It blocks all effects of autonomic stimulation (both Symp. and Parasymp. effects)
What is the structure of muscarinic receptors?
7 transmembrane segments
5 subtypes, of which the first 3 (M1-M3) are particularly important in the periphery
What are muscarinic agonists referred to as?
“Parasympathomimetic drugs” due to exposure mimicking effects of PNS activation
What are the effects of parasympathomimetics?
Cardiovascular=decreased HR
Smooth muscle=contraction, although vascular smooth muscle dilates via endothelium->EDRF (endothelial derived relaxing factor)=nitric oxide
Exocrine glands=increased secretions (sweating/lacrimation/salivation/bronchial secretion)
What is muscarine?
A muscarinic agonist found in many mushrooms
What are the adverse effects of muscarine poisoning?
Bradycardia, vasodilation=decreased BP
Increased gut motility (colicky pain), bronchoconstriction, pupillary constriction (miosis)
Salivation, lacrimation, airway secretions
What is the treatment for muscarine poisoning?
Muscarinic antagonist (atropine)