week 9

Question 1

what are the types of variables?

Answer 1

1. independent
2. dependent
3. secondary
4. mediating value
5. confounding variable

Question 2

define independent variable

Answer 2

can influence other variables, basically the cause and is on the X axis

Question 3

define dependent variable

Answer 3

is under the influence of other variables basically the effect and is on the Y axis

Question 4

define secondary variable

Answer 4

something that can help characterize the sample or is important to consider in data analysis like age or gender

Question 5

define mediating value

Answer 5

is a factor that helps explain the relationship between two other variables, typically an independent variable (cause) and a dependent variable (effect). Think of it as the middleman or the bridge that connects a cause to its effect, showing us how or why a particular effect occurs. An example would be caffenine in energy drinks which is the independent variable and sleep which is the dependent variable

Question 6

define counfounding variable

Answer 6

5. is the variable that is associated with both the independent and independent variable
   
   • Is not the focus of the study but can influence both the independent and dependent variables, creating a false association.
   • Makes it challenging to isolate the true effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
   • Needs to be controlled for, either through study design or statistical methods, to clarify the actual relationship between the variables you’re interested in.

Question 7

describe data measurment tool: food diary

Answer 7

self reporterd food and beverages that have been consumed over 1 or more days in real time with portion sizes and other information depending what is asked

Question 8

describe data measurment tool: 24 hour recall (structured recall) and what are the advantages and disadvantages

Answer 8

structured interview asking the people to recall all the food and drinks they have had in th past 24 hours

advantages: there is oppurtinity to explain and clarify questions, trust betwen personal contant, can be done in person or on phone

disadvantages: needs a lot of time for completion and anaylsis, risk of bias from interviewer

Question 9

define data measurment tool: food frequency questionare and what are the advantages/disadvantages

Answer 9

is a questionare with a list of food that aims to see the frequency of consumption of each food which will be converted into calories and nutrional values.

advantages: cheap, convience, structured and comparalble

disadvanyage: risk of low response rates, hard to get clarification, need to be able to read and write

Question 10

define data measurment tool: Anthropometric,physiological and clinicial measurments and advantages/disadvantages

Answer 10

allows for the collection of percise and objective data of health aspects by using instruments

advantages: stated above
d= invasive, requires intrsutments and staff who are trained

Question 11

define data measurment tool: structured observation

Answer 11

the observation and description of behaviours/events in a systemic way it allows for data retrival that is more difficult to get

Question 12

define data measurment tool: structured interview

Answer 12

is a verbal interaction that is structured that involves collecting more complex info

Question 13

detail the context of data collection methods

Answer 13

• Where: is it in a controlled enviorment like a lab or research facility which allows for more presicion but is less like real life or in the participants natural enviorment like at home or work where it is less controlled but more applicable to real life.
• When: the duration of the study is based on the time needed for the effect of one variable to observed and the frequency is represnatative of the number of times the measurment will be taken
• By whom: three main groups of people: principle investigators, research staff/students and health professionals