Week 9 Flashcards
What is Praxis?
- is the process of using a theory you have learned in a practical way
- is used to apply knowledge in nursing situations to advance goals in society & in the world to eliminate any injustice & discrimination in care
What is the criteria for a ‘Substance Use Disorder’
1 criteria could indicate an individual at risk
2-3 criteria point to a mild substance use disorder
4-5 criteria show someone has a moderate substance use disorder
6 + criteria indicate a severe substance use disorder which signals an addiction to that substance
Define ‘Licit Drugs’
Are legal drugs & available by prescription or sold OTC
Define ‘Illicit Drugs’
are illegal drugs including (but not limited to) phenyclidines (PCP, Ketamine), hallucinogens (LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, MDA), stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, crack), depressants (barbiturates, benzo’s) & opiates (heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine, fentanyl)
Define ‘Dependence”
- is progressive in nature, & affects the physiological, cognitive, behavioural, & psychological dimensions of a person’s health
- manifested by continuous use despite the presence of problems
- results in tolerance, withdrawal, & compulsive substance taking behaviour
Define ‘physical dependence’
- occurs when an individual’s body reacts to the absence of a drug with withdrawal symptoms
Define ‘psychological dependence’
occurs when a drug becomes central to a person’s thoughts & emotions
According to the CHMA, a simple way of describing “addiction” is by…
using the 4 C’s
- craving, loss of control of amount/frequency,
compulsion to use, continued substance use despite
problems
CHN’s pain mangement education should be…
- respectful of underlying beliefs
- must be evidence-based
- in line with the lens of cultural safety
CHN’s need to use a_______ perspective for developing comprehensive community health interventions that _________
socio-ecological, acknowledge the link between person, substance, & environment
How can men & women reduce their long-term health risks by drinking no more than….
women: 10 drinks/week, with no more than 2 drinks a day “most days”
men: 15 drinks/week, with no more than 3 drinks a day “most days”
Drink slowly, have no more than ___ drinks in ____ hours
2, 3
Define what ‘Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS)’ is and what is it an example of?
- results in reoccurring nausea, vomiting, dehydration, & abdominal pain
- is an example of long-term health effects
Fentanyl is approx _____ times stronger than morphine
100
Define what ‘polysubstance’ is?
The use of more than one drug, also known as polysubstance use, is common. This includes when two or more are taken together or within a short time period, either intentionally or unintentionally.
Fentanyl
Classification:
Indications:
Class: synthetic opioid analgesic
Indications: pain management pre-operatively, general anesthesia, & analgesia
Naloxone (Narcan)
Classification:
Indications:
Available in:
Class: opiate antagonist
Indications: unbinds opioids from receptors in the brain (fentanyl, morphine, codeine, heroin)
- reverses effects within 2-5 mins, lasts for 20-90 mins
Available in: IM & intranasal formats
What is the Public Health of Ontario: Interactive Opioid Tool?
- looks at opioid morbidity & mortality in ON
- looks at ER visits, hospitalizations, & deaths
- can be viewed by public health unit health integration network, age, sex, & in some cases drug type
Define ‘Harm Reduction Approach’
is an umbrella term used to describe programs, policies, & practices that aim to reduce the negative consequences associated with behaviours that are typically considered high-risk
Methadone
Class:
Indications:
Can it be used during pregnancy:
Class: is a long-acting opioid drug used to replace shorter-acting opioids that someone may rely on
Indications: prevents withdrawal symptoms & reduces cravings (if a dose is missed, the client will experience withdrawals) - effects usually last 24-36 hours
- yes can be used during pregnancy
Buprenorphine
Class:
Indiations:
Class: opioid partial agonist
Indications: used to replace shorter-acting opioids & lasts for 24-36 hours, used to treat pain & opioid addiction, helps diminish the effects of physical dependency to opioids such as withdrawal symptoms & cravings
Why is injecting Cocaine problematic?
- has a numbing effect on the vein + causes constriction so be careful you’re in the right spot before injecting (only lasts for a short period of time, so if you’re injecting multiple times it can be traumatic for the tissues)
Cellulitis
- common cause?
- what can it progress to?
- symptoms?
- management?
- is a type of infection that affects the skin & tissue underneath (causes pain & redness to the affected area)
- Group A Streptococcal bacteria is a common cause
symptoms: redness, swelling of the site, pain, possible fevers, warmth at the site
- can progress to necrotizing fascitis & severe sepsis
management: assess the site, trace borders, blood cultures, culture swabs, antibiotic therapy
Inefective Endocarditis
- common cause?
- symptoms?
- diagnosis?
- complications?
- causes endothelial damage & is followed by infection from high bacterial loads
- staphylococcus aureus is a common cause
Symptoms: fever, chills, tachycardia, fatigue, persistent cough, aching joints, shortness of breath, pallor, swelling in the feet/legs/abdo
Diagnosis: blood cultures, echocardiogram, ECG, CT
Complications: severe sepsis, septic emboli (can involve the lungs, kidneys, and brain causing vegetation to grow on heart valves causing damage & failure
Complications:
What is ‘Saffer Supply’?
- what might be provided?
Provides prescribed medications as a safer alternative to toxic illegal supplies that are of higher risk of overdose
- opioids, stimulants, & benzodiazepines
What differentiates substance use from problematic substance use?
Substance use disorder is a complex condition in which problematic patterns of substance use may interfere with a person’s life and lead to physical and/or psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
Explain 2 examples of harm reduction available in Canada
Needle Exchange Programs (NEP)
Supervised Consumptions Sites
Housing First
Safe Injection Education
Explain 2 examples of harm reduction available in Canada
Needle Exchange Programs (NEP)
Supervised Consumptions Sites
Housing First
Safe Injection Education
