Week 9 Flashcards
What is typicality?
How much the category member resembles the prototype.
Explain the term graded membership in relation to mental categories
Objects closer to the prototype (the ideal) are “better” members of the category.
What is the difference between prototype and exemplar?
Prototype - an average of the various category members you’ve encountered.
Exemplar - a specific remembered instance.
How do people make judgements about category membership?
Resemblance to prototype
What are basic, superordinate and subordinate levels of categories?
Basic level categories - things that are neither too specific , nor too general. e.g. apple
Superordinate - more inclusive/general e.g. fruit
Subordinate - more specific e.g. granny smith apple
What has fMRI told us about which brain areas are activated when thinking about animate and inanimate objects?
Different brain areas
What is anomia?
Brain damage that causes people to lose the ability to name certain objects.
How does a sentence verification task work?
Sentences are presented and the participant selects true or false. The speed with which they answer shows evidence for associative links in knowledge representation.
What is a production task?
A cognitive test in which the participant is required to generate as many items as possible that adhere to specified criteria.
Explain propositional networks.
A diagram in which the terms of a proposition and the relations between them are represented as nodes linked to form a network.
What is the relationship between zooming and mental imagery?
When asked to visually zoom in (inspect an image for a small detail) on an image response times are directly proportional to the amount of zoom required, suggesting that “travel” in mental imagery resembles travel in the actual world in regard to timing.
what is a mental rotation task?
Participants are shown two images of structures and asked if they are the same structure shown from different angles. Participants are then required to mentally rotate one of the structures to decide if they are the same
What do mental rotation tasks tell us about mental imagery?
The farther you have to imagine the form rotating the longer the evaluation takes = imagined movement resembles actual movement
What do mental rotation tasks tell us about mental imagery?
What does prior visualisation achieve/do?
Prior visualisation primes perception
