Week 9 & 10 (Consciousness) Flashcards
Beta Bands
13-24 CPS
Normal waking thoughts, problem solving
Alpha bands
8-12 CPS
Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation
Theta bands
4-7 CPS
Light sleep
Delta bands
Less than 4 CPS
Deep sleep
Chronotype
Optimal time to fall asleep according to circadian rhythm
Jet Lag adjustment times
East: a day for each time zone
West: Two thirds of a day per each time zone
Electromyograph (EMG)
Records muscular activity and tension
Electrooculohtaph (EOG)
Records eye movements
Hypnic jerks
brief muscular con-tractions that occur as people fall asleep, generally occur during stage 1 drowsiness
Sleep Spindles
brief bursts of higher-frequency brain waves
during stage 2 of sleep
How many times is the sleep cycle repeated per one night?
4 times
Newborn sleep cycle
REM (50%) and nREM sleep only
REM portion of sleep for adults
20%
ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
consists of the afferent fibres running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal.
benzodiazepine sedatives
insomnia treatment
originally developed to relieve anxiety,
non- benzodiazepine sedatives
insomnia treatment
designed primarily for sleep problems
manifest content
consists of the plot of a dream at the surface level
latent content
consists of the plot of a dream at the surface level
Theories of dreaming
wish fulfillment
problem solving
activation synthesis
hypnotic effects
anesthesia
sensory distortions and hallucinations
disinhibition
focused attention meditation
attention is concentrated on a specific object, image, sound, or bodily sensation (such as breathing).
open monitoring
attention is directed to the contents of one’s moment-to-moment experience in a nonjudgmental and nonreactive way
loving kindness meditation
first developing love and compassion for oneself and then broaden this love to more “unlikeable” others
Psychoactive drug
chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioural functioning.
six categories of psy- choactive drugs
opioids, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis, and alcohol.
opioids
natural or synthetic substances that are capable of relieving pain
opiates
derived from the opium poppy
sedatives
sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system (CNS) activation and behavioural activity
Stimulants
drugs that tend to increase cen-tral nervous system activation and behavioural activity.
Hallucinogens
a diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distor-tions in sensory and perceptual experience
Cannabis
the hemp plant from which mari-juana, hashish, and THC are derived.
Alcohol
a variety of beverages con-taining ethyl alcohol
Factors Influencing Drug Effects
user’s age, mood, motivation, personality, previous experience with the drug, body weight, and physi- ology.
the dose and potency of a drug, the method of administration, and the setting in which a drug is taken
Stimulant overdose
heart attack, stroke, or cortical seizure.
Depressants overdose
respiratory system usually grinds to a halt, producing coma, brain damage, and death within a brief period
Sleep Stage 1
Brief transition stage of light sleep, lasting a few
(1-12) minutes
▫ Breathing and heart rate slow, muscle tension and
body temp. decline, hypnic jerks
▫ Alpha waves > theta waves
Sleep Stage 2
30-60 min
▫ Heart rate, muscle tension, and body temp.
continue declining
▫ Sleep spindles
Sleep Stage 3
30 minutes
▫ High amplitude, low-frequency delta waves are
prominent
REM sleep
a deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming
During the course of sleep, REM periods gradually get longer and NREM periods get shorter and shallower.
