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Neuroscience > Week 8 - Sensation > Flashcards

Week 8 - Sensation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 Principles of SENSe training?

A
  1. Select
  2. Attentive exploration
  3. Feedback
  4. Calibrate
  5. Anticipate
  6. Repeat and progress
  7. Transfer
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2
Q

In sense training, what are the three main things that the patient needs?

A

One side of the body must have normal sensation to enable neuroplasticity for the affected side

A good level of hearing and cognition

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3
Q

What are the three steps of somatosensory system?

A
  1. Receiving information
  2. Transfer of information
  3. Interpretation of information (sensory processing)
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4
Q

Describe a 1st order neuron

A

Cell body in the dorsal root ganglion, one axon connnected to a sense organ and one going to the spinal cord/brain stem.

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5
Q

Describe a 2nd order neuron

A

Cell body in the spinal cord/brain stem, axon crosses and goes into the contralateral thalamus

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6
Q

Describe a 3rd order neuron

A

Cell body in the thalamus, axon to primary sensory cortex

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7
Q

What sensory info is the lateral spinothalamic tract responsible for?

A

Pain and temperature

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8
Q

What sensory info is the anterior spinothalamic tract responsible for?

A

Light and crude touch

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9
Q

What sensory info is the dorsal column responsible for?

A

Discriminative touch (localisation of touch and vibration), conscience proprioception (proprioception and kinaesthesia) and stereognosis

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10
Q

What is the spinocerebellar tract responsible for?

A

Ipisilateral upper-extremity proprioception

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11
Q

What are mechanoreceptors responsible for?

A

Touch
- Fine touch
- Pressure
- Stretch
- Vibration

SUPERFICIAL - sensation from the skin

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12
Q

What are chemoreceptors responsible for?

A

Pain
They respond to substances released when a cell gets injured or infected

SUPERFICIAL - sensation from the skin

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13
Q

What are thermorecptors responsible for?

A

Temperature
They respond to stimulation of heating or cooling

SUPERFICIAL - sensation from the skin

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14
Q

What are nociceptors responsible for?

A

They are subset receptors to mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors and thermoreceptors and are sensitive to stimuli that damage or threaten to damage stimuli

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15
Q

What is the Somatosensory System?

A

A term used to describe the transfer of sensory information from the skin and musculoskeletal systems

Most somatosensory info is not consciously perceived, rather it I processed at the spinal level or by the cerebellum to adjust movement and posture

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16
Q

What are three characteristics of the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  • Located post central gyrus of parietal lobe
  • Projection to primary motor cortex and association areas
  • Provides sensory input needed for motor planning, initiation and regulation of on-going movement
17
Q

What can lesions in the primary somatosensory cortex result in?

A
  • Contralateral sensory loss
  • Uncoordinated movements
  • Neglect
18
Q

What type of sensory loss usually occurs with a stroke in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)?

A

Contralateral lower extremity sensory loss

19
Q

What type of sensory loss usually occurs with a stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA)?

A

Contralateral sensory loss of upper-extremity, lower extremity and facial regions

20
Q

What two senses usually recover first after injury?

A

Pain and temperature usually recover before light touch and proprioception

21
Q

What are some common behaviours associated with unilateral neglect?

A
  • Not being aware of stimuli on the side opposite of the brain injury
  • A bias in attention to information presented on the same side as the lesion
22
Q

Describe unilateral extrapersonal neglect (spatial neglect)

A
  • Inattention to visual stimuli presented in the contralateral extra personal space
  • Can occur with or without deficits such as hemianopia
  • Can occur together or seperate to unilateral body neglect (personal neglect)
  • Can be near or far
23
Q

Describe unilateral body neglect (personal neglect)

A
  • Failure to respond or orientate to body side contralateral to the lesion
  • Can occur together or seperate to extrapersonal neglect (spatial neglect)
24
Q

Describe motor neglect

A
  • The underuse of a contralateral limb that cannot be explained by primary sensorimotor deficits
  • Attends when attention is drawn to it
25
Q

What is the difference between a visual field loss and neglect?

A

Visual field loss is when a person has a deficit that impacts their sight (like hemianopia), where as neglect is a deficit in the way a person perceives sensory information

26
Q

What is pusher syndrome?

A

A person who pushes and leans over towards their affected side.

27
Q

Why is it important for OT to assess sensation?

A
  • Determine at what time it is appropriate to commence sensory re-education
  • Determine if there is a need for desensitisation
  • Determine if there is a need for education about preventing injury during occupational functioning
  • May require additional prompts and techniques to assist with moving the body in space
28
Q

What is important to remember when assessing light touch and deep pressure using the neurophys?

A
  • Need to start proximal and work distal
  • Demonstrate first on the unaffected limb
  • Be patient when the client is responding
29
Q

What is important to remember when assessing sharp/dull discrimination using the neurophys?

A
  • Need to remember it is about differentiating between sharp and dull stimuli, not the location of stimuli
29
Q

What is important to remember when assessing sharp/dull discrimination using the neurophys?

A
  • Need to remember it is about differentiating between sharp and dull stimuli, not the location of stimuli
30
Q

What is important to remember when assessing temperature using the neurophys?

A
  • Some kits for temperature testing do not have everything you need. In these instances, the use of small glass bottles with hot and cold water are appropriate
31
Q

What is important to remember when assessing proprioception using the neurophys?

A
  • Remember to position the affected arm, and wait three seconds before expecting the client to copy that position using their affected arm
32
Q

What is important to remember when assessing kinaesthesia using the neurophys?

A
  • Give the client time to respond and show clearly if their joint is moving up or down, wait between the movements and vary the degrees of movement
33
Q

What is important to remember when assessing stereognosis using the neurophys?

A
  • You need to move the object around in the client’s hand if they do not have the in-hand manipulation skills to do it themselves, you may have to play some objects in their hands more than once
34
Q

What must the client have before assessing sensation?

A

A good level of hearing and cognition

34
Q

What are the three main assessments of SENSe Assess

A
  • Tactile Discrimination Test (TDT)
  • Wrist Position Sense Test (WPST)
  • Functional Tactile Object Recognition Test (fTORT)

Neuroscience (7 decks)

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