Week 8: Public policies and indigenous health

Question 1

Proper terminology

Answer 1

Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples
First Nations
Metis
Inuit
Avoid native

Question 2

Indian terminology

Answer 2

Legal designation

Question 3

Status Indian

Answer 3

On- reserve and off reserve
Access to government services

Question 4

Non-status Indian

Answer 4

No access to government services

Question 5

Colonialism definition 1

Answer 5

Policy or practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically

Question 6

Colonialism definition 2

Answer 6

Ongoing system of power that perpetuates the genocide and repression of indigenous peoples and cultures

Question 7

Colonial policies and institutions in Canada

Answer 7

Constitution act
Indian act
Relocation of Inuit communities
Residential schools
Sixties scoop
Missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls

Question 8

Constitution act

Answer 8

Federal government is responsible for Indians and lands reserved for Indians

Question 9

Indian act (1876)

Answer 9

Gives control and management of reserve lands to the federal government
Defines who is legally recognized as Indigenous (status vs non-status)
Limits the right to vote
Loss of self governance
Limited economic and political participation of Indigenous people
Outlawed ceremonies and other cultural practices
Undermined role and status of women

Question 10

Why did the Indian act cause a loss of self-governance?

Answer 10

Health and education under federal control
Indian agent given authority over food, goods, and travel for on-reserve First Nations

Question 11

Relocation of Inuit communities

Answer 11

Federal program resulting in forced relocation to remote permanent settlements

Question 12

What has relocation of Inuit communities resulted in?

Answer 12

Disparities in the social determinants of health
Increased government involvement

Question 13

Residential schools

Answer 13

A system of institutionalized education and care that aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into European and Christian norms, beliefs and practices
“kill the Indian in the child”

Question 14

Negative effect of residential schools

Answer 14

Trouble adopting to culture once they returned to their communities
Alcohol and drug abuse
Intergenerational trauma

Question 15

What is the sixties scoop?

Answer 15

Mass apprehension of Indigenous children into the care of child welfare that began in the 1950s and peaked in the 60s
1/3 of Indigenous children taken from families

Question 16

Results of sixties scoop

Answer 16

By 1970, 30-40% of children in care were indigenous and today 48% of children in care are indigenous
Vast majority of these children were adopted in to non-Indigenous homes

Question 17

Underlying goal of both residential schools and the sixties scoop

Answer 17

Assimilate Indigenous children into European and Christian cultural norms, beliefs and practices.

Question 18

Missing and murdered indigenous women and girls and politics

Answer 18

Lack of political and societal response

Question 19

How do Indigenous people in Canada access health care?

Answer 19

1. Provincial/territorial health care systems
2. Federal government
3. Self-governance and community-directed initiatives

Question 20

Indigenous access to health care- Provincial/territorial systems

Answer 20

Physicians and hospitals
Non-indigenous specific community health centres
Indigenous programming at mainstream organizations

Question 21

Indigenous access to health care- Federal government

Answer 21

Non-insured health benefits

Question 22

Non-insured health benefits

Answer 22

Provides coverage for status indians
Covers dental and vision care, prescription meds, medical supplies, equipment and transportation, short-term crisis intervention and mental health programming

Question 23

Indigenous access to health care- Self governance and community-directed initiatives

Answer 23

On-reserve services and programs
Urban Indigenous health centres (ie. Anishnawbe in toronto)
BC first nations health authority

Question 24

Barriers to accessing care for indigenous people

Answer 24

1. Geography/remoteness
2. Federal/provincial lack of clarity and bureaucratic disagreements
3. Individual and structural racism
4. Lack of culturally safe care

Question 25

Indian act vs constitution

Answer 25

Indian act gives federal government authority over health care of Indigenous individuals and constitution is responsibility over the reserves/land

Question 26

Jordan’s principle

Answer 26

Legislation that requires that the government of first contact pay for the health care service to the child without delay or disruption

Question 27

Why is it difficult to conduct research on racism?

Answer 27

Underreporting of experiences of racism and lack of self-identification of Indigenous

Question 28

Research on the effects of racism

Answer 28

Spotty and cross sectional
Few standardized measurement instruments

Question 29

Steps to achieving cultural safety

Answer 29

1. Cultural awareness
2. Cultural sensitivity
3. Cultural competence
4. Cultural safety

Question 30

Cultural sensitivty

Answer 30

Attitude change
Respecting difference

Question 31

Cultural competence

Answer 31

Skills, knowledge and attitudes

Question 32

Cultural safety

Answer 32

Emphasizes colonial, historical and sociopolitical context
Health care providers examine own culture, history, lived experiences, beliefs and attitudes
Explicit attention and action to address power relations

Question 33

Responses and interventions for racism, health and health care

Answer 33

1. Individual, family and community strategies and resiliencies
2. health care and service delivery
3. Health professional education and training
4. Policy responses specific to health and health care
5. Policy responses affecting health

Question 34

Individual, family and community strategies and resiliencies example

Answer 34

Community-based fundraisers held in rural Metis communities to raise funds to cover travel costs to receive specialized health services

Question 35

Health care and service delivery example

Answer 35

First Nations Health authority in BC

Question 36

Health professional education and training

Answer 36

Society of obstetricians and gynaecologists of Canada Policy statement: a guide for health care professionals working with aboriginal peoples

Question 37

Policy responses specific to health and health care example

Answer 37

Jordan’s principle
Federal transfer of health services

Question 38

Policy responses affecting health example

Answer 38

Affect social determinants of health such as truth and reconciliation commission

Question 39

Bill C-31 under the Indian act

Answer 39

• Indigenous women who married non-Indigenous men lost their Indigenous status
• Indigenous status was conferred upon non-Indigenous women who married Indigenous men
• Indigenous men who married non-Indigenous women lost their Indigenous status

Question 40

What did both residential schools and the sixties scoop aim to do?

Answer 40

Assimilate indigenous children into non-Indigenous society

Question 41

Cultural safety and background info of a health care provider

Answer 41

Health care providers examine their own background and privileges and how they might influence the care they provide to indigenous people

Question 42

What group tends to have the poorest health outcomes?

Answer 42

Indigenous women

Question 43

Indian relocation outcome

Answer 43

Patronizing and unsuccessful