Week 8 - Pathomechanisms Flashcards
The fundamental cause of disease is ______
the disruption of the natural flux of yin and yang
Generally speaking, in externally contracted febrile diseases, the struggle between _________ is more prominent
evil and right qi
__________ tends to be the prominent factor in internal damage and miscellaneous diseases
yin-yang imbalance
When the chief imbalance is between right and evil, the most effective method of treatment is _____
attack
Diseases primarily involving a yin or yang imbalance are treated by _____, by eliminating _____ and by supplementing _______
restoring the balance
excess
deficiency
Qi, blood and fluids all __________ the body
circulate throughout
As modes of communication throughout the body, the qi, blood and fluids are analogous to _______ in biomedicine.
nervous system (electrical signaling), endocrine system (chemical signaling)
Fluids can be subdivided into ____ and ____. Examples of fluids in the body are ______
saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, vaginal lubrication
How can the relationship between qi, blood and fluids be described?
They are mutually convertible. Deficiency of one impacts the other two. Blockage of one impacts the other two.
Diseases patterns of Qi can be divided into two major categories: _______ and ______
qi vacuity
qi stagnation
What are types of incorrect movement of qi?
stagnation
counterflow
rebellious
Qi vacuity is characterized by what signs?
fatigue, weakness, spontaneous sweating, low voice, frequent catching cold
Qi vacuity is due to ______________ giving rise to ___________ and reduced resistance to evils.
insufficiency of original qi
hypofunction of the organs
The phrase “qi is affected at the onset of disease” mainly refers to _________
qi stagnation
Causes of qi stagnation include ____________
mental & emotional disturbances, dietary irregularities, contraction of external evils, external injury
Qi stagnation is characterized by what signs?
pain, distention, oppression (chest, hypochondriac, abdomen, lower burner), glomus
The major pathologies of the blood are ______
Vacuity, stasis, heat, (cold)
Bleeding may give rise to _________, while ________ may give rise to bleeding.
blood vacuity or stasis
blood heat and stasis
Blood vacuity may be caused by ___________
excessive blood loss, SP dysfunction leading to insufficient blood formation
Blood vacuity is characterized by _______
pale white or withered-yellow facial complexion, dizziness, floaters, pale tongue, palpitations, insomnia, stiffness of the sinews/tendons
Blood vacuity is related to which organs?
HT-governs blood, SP-produces & manages blood, LV-stores blood
What are causes of blood stasis?
external injury, hemorrhage, qi stagnation, qi vacuity, blood cold, blood heat
The four major types of blood stasis signs are ______
pain, masses & swelling, bleeding, general signs (complexion, tongue, pulse)
What type of of pain is associated with blood stasis?
sharped fixed pain
What type of masses & swelling are associated with blood stasis?
bruises, hard swellings internally
Bleeding resulting from blood stasis is often seen in __________
menstrual irregularities, postpartum diseases
What general signs are observed in blood stasis?
soot-black complexion, dark and purple tongue, rough-thin pulse, dark/distended sublingual veins
Signs of blood heat pattern are _________
nosebleed, vomiting blood, blood in the urine/stool, profuse menstruation, agitation, red tongue w/ thin or no coat
What are the dual disease patterns of qi and blood?
dual stagnation of qi and blood
qi & blood vacuity
qi deserting w/ blood and fluids
List stages of fluid stagnation in order of increasing severity.
Water swelling, damp, phlegm, fire
What are signs of LU qi vacuity?
short, hasty breathing, lazy speech, low voice, cough
What are signs of HT qi vacuity?
shortness of breath, palpitation, disturbed shen
What are signs of SP-ST qi vacuity?
fatigued limbs, withered-yellow complexion, reduced appetite, thin stool, indigestion
What are signs of KD qi vacuity?
bright white or gray stagnant complexion, dizzy vision, tinnitus, deafness, long voidings of clear urine
What are signs of HT blood vacuity?
palpitations, poor memory, insomnia
What are signs of HT-SP blood vacuity?
loss of appetite, uterine bleeding, menstrual irregularities
What are signs of LV blood vacuity?
dizziness, flowery vision, hypertonicity of limbs, dry nails, menstrual irregularities/block/reduced menstrual flow
