Week 8 - Pathomechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

The fundamental cause of disease is ______

A

the disruption of the natural flux of yin and yang

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2
Q

Generally speaking, in externally contracted febrile diseases, the struggle between _________ is more prominent

A

evil and right qi

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3
Q

__________ tends to be the prominent factor in internal damage and miscellaneous diseases

A

yin-yang imbalance

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4
Q

When the chief imbalance is between right and evil, the most effective method of treatment is _____

A

attack

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5
Q

Diseases primarily involving a yin or yang imbalance are treated by _____, by eliminating _____ and by supplementing _______

A

restoring the balance
excess
deficiency

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6
Q

Qi, blood and fluids all __________ the body

A

circulate throughout

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7
Q

As modes of communication throughout the body, the qi, blood and fluids are analogous to _______ in biomedicine.

A

nervous system (electrical signaling), endocrine system (chemical signaling)

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8
Q

Fluids can be subdivided into ____ and ____. Examples of fluids in the body are ______

A

saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, vaginal lubrication

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9
Q

How can the relationship between qi, blood and fluids be described?

A

They are mutually convertible. Deficiency of one impacts the other two. Blockage of one impacts the other two.

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10
Q

Diseases patterns of Qi can be divided into two major categories: _______ and ______

A

qi vacuity

qi stagnation

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11
Q

What are types of incorrect movement of qi?

A

stagnation
counterflow
rebellious

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12
Q

Qi vacuity is characterized by what signs?

A

fatigue, weakness, spontaneous sweating, low voice, frequent catching cold

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13
Q

Qi vacuity is due to ______________ giving rise to ___________ and reduced resistance to evils.

A

insufficiency of original qi

hypofunction of the organs

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14
Q

The phrase “qi is affected at the onset of disease” mainly refers to _________

A

qi stagnation

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15
Q

Causes of qi stagnation include ____________

A

mental & emotional disturbances, dietary irregularities, contraction of external evils, external injury

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16
Q

Qi stagnation is characterized by what signs?

A

pain, distention, oppression (chest, hypochondriac, abdomen, lower burner), glomus

17
Q

The major pathologies of the blood are ______

A

Vacuity, stasis, heat, (cold)

18
Q

Bleeding may give rise to _________, while ________ may give rise to bleeding.

A

blood vacuity or stasis

blood heat and stasis

19
Q

Blood vacuity may be caused by ___________

A

excessive blood loss, SP dysfunction leading to insufficient blood formation

20
Q

Blood vacuity is characterized by _______

A

pale white or withered-yellow facial complexion, dizziness, floaters, pale tongue, palpitations, insomnia, stiffness of the sinews/tendons

21
Q

Blood vacuity is related to which organs?

A

HT-governs blood, SP-produces & manages blood, LV-stores blood

22
Q

What are causes of blood stasis?

A

external injury, hemorrhage, qi stagnation, qi vacuity, blood cold, blood heat

23
Q

The four major types of blood stasis signs are ______

A

pain, masses & swelling, bleeding, general signs (complexion, tongue, pulse)

24
Q

What type of of pain is associated with blood stasis?

A

sharped fixed pain

25
What type of masses & swelling are associated with blood stasis?
bruises, hard swellings internally
26
Bleeding resulting from blood stasis is often seen in __________
menstrual irregularities, postpartum diseases
27
What general signs are observed in blood stasis?
soot-black complexion, dark and purple tongue, rough-thin pulse, dark/distended sublingual veins
28
Signs of blood heat pattern are _________
nosebleed, vomiting blood, blood in the urine/stool, profuse menstruation, agitation, red tongue w/ thin or no coat
29
What are the dual disease patterns of qi and blood?
dual stagnation of qi and blood qi & blood vacuity qi deserting w/ blood and fluids
30
List stages of fluid stagnation in order of increasing severity.
Water swelling, damp, phlegm, fire
31
What are signs of LU qi vacuity?
short, hasty breathing, lazy speech, low voice, cough
32
What are signs of HT qi vacuity?
shortness of breath, palpitation, disturbed shen
33
What are signs of SP-ST qi vacuity?
fatigued limbs, withered-yellow complexion, reduced appetite, thin stool, indigestion
34
What are signs of KD qi vacuity?
bright white or gray stagnant complexion, dizzy vision, tinnitus, deafness, long voidings of clear urine
35
What are signs of HT blood vacuity?
palpitations, poor memory, insomnia
36
What are signs of HT-SP blood vacuity?
loss of appetite, uterine bleeding, menstrual irregularities
37
What are signs of LV blood vacuity?
dizziness, flowery vision, hypertonicity of limbs, dry nails, menstrual irregularities/block/reduced menstrual flow