Week 8- Overdosable Substances Flashcards
What does substance/ drug abuse mean?
- Use of pharmacological substances for purposes other than a medically defined reason
What does drug dependence/ addiction?
- A craving for the drug, an overwhelming feeling of the need to obtain and continue to use the drug
What does tolerance mean?
- The need for increasingly higher amounts of the drug to get the same effects
What does withdrawal mean?
- A psychological or physical rxn when the substance is stopped
- Most s/s of withdrawal are the exact opposite of what exposure to the substance causes
What are the routes of exposure?
- Ingestion: can cause immediate or delayed effects
- Inhalation: rapid absorption vial alveoli in the lungs
- Topical: entry across the skin or mucous membranes
- Injection: cause immediate and delayed effects
What is the class of Alcohol?
- CNS Depressant
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on alcohol?
- Mental confusion
- Vomiting
- Seizures
- Trouble breathing
- Slow HR
- Clammy skin
- Dulled responses
What is the class of morphine?
- Narcotic analgesia
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on morphine?
- Cold, clammy skin
- Hypotensive
- Sleepiness
- Nausea/ vomiting
- Slow breathing
- Slow weak pulse
- Altered LOA
- Pinpoint pupils
- Coma, possible death
What is the class of marijuana?
- Depressant with psychoactive properties
- Affects both the SNS & PNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on marijuana?
- Dry mouth
- Bloodshot and/or glassy eyes
- Delayed rxn time
- Impaired motor skills
- Poor coordination
- Fatigue
- Increased appetite
- Weight gain
- Particular “odor”
What are the class of percocet?
- Opioid
- Affect the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on percocets?
Mild s/s: dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, dry mouth
Severe s/s: extreme fatigue, jaundice, chest pain, shallow breathing, seizures, agitation, hypothermia
What is the class of fentanyl?
- Opioid, used to reduce pain
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on fentanyl?
- Extreme happiness
- Pain relief
- Euphoria
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Confusion
- Resp depression & arrest
- Cyanotic, clammy
- Unconscious
- Coma & death
What is the class of cocaine?
- Psychostimulant drug, tropane alkaloid
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed or OD on cocaine?
- Increase BP, HR &Temp
- Diaphoretic
- Loss of appetite
- Dilated pupils
- High amount consumption is linked w convulsions, cardiac arrest, strokes, death, delusions & hallucinations
What are the class of benzodiazepines?
- Sedatives
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on Benzodiazepines?
- Slurred speech
- Loss of coordination & balance
- Altered LOC
- Memory loss
- Decrease in BP
- Slow & shallow breathing
- Bradycardia
What is the class of amphetamines?
- Stimulant
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on amphetamines?
- Agitation
- Hyperthermia
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Diaphoresis
- Prolonged QT syndrome
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
What is the class of methamphetamine?
- Psycho-stimulants
- Affects the CNS, meth increases the activity of several neurotransmitters, including dopamine
What are the S/S if exposed/ OD on meth?
- Chronic meth users can experience insomnia, anxiety, confusion, psychosis
- Tachypnea, tachycardia, irregular rhythm, hypertension, hyperthermia, memory loss and anorexia
What is the class of ecstay?
- Substituted amphetamine- stimulant and psychedelics
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed to ecstasy?
- Feelings of euphoria
- Wakefulness
- Intimacy
- Sexual arousal
- Disinhibition
What are the s/s of OD on ecstasy?
- Abnormal HR & rhythm
- Body temp dysregulation
- Hyperthermia
- Seizures
What class is phencyclidine?
- Dissociative anesthetic
- Affects the SNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on phencyclidine?
- Erratic behaviour
- Hallucinations
- Dissociation
- Blank stares
- Slurred speech
What is the class of LSD?
- Hallucinogen
- Affects the CNS
- Acts on your brain and changes your mood, behaviour, and the way you relate the world around you
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on LSD?
- Hallucinations
- Panic
- Paranoia
- Psychosis
- Tachycardia
- Agitation
What is the class of Psilocybin?
- Psychedelic
- Affects the SNS (increase in BP, loss of appetite, no salivation)
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on Psilocybin?
- Visual or auditory hallucinations
- Increased emotions
- Loss of appetite
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
- Blurred vision
- Loss of coordination
- Psychosis
- Increased resps, temp, BP, increased perspiration
What is the class of ketamine?
- Dissociative anesthetic
- Affects both the CNS and PNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on ketamine?
- Decreased resps
- Altered LOC
- Apnea
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Cardiac arrest
- Seizure
- Coma
What is the class of adderall?
- Is a stimulant
- Effects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on adderall?
- Mydriasis
- Tremor
- agitation
- hyperreflexia
- combative behaviour
- confusion
- hallucinations
- delirium
- anxiety
- paranoia
- movement disorders
- seizures
What is the class of paint thinner?
- Inhalant
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on paint thinner?
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Mouth/ throat irritation
- Pain
- Memory loss (after a few days of exposure)
What is the class of cyanide?
- Poison/ human carcinogen/ used in manufacturing
- Affects the CNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on cyanide?
- Headache
- Nausea/ vomiting
- Dizziness
- Rapid HR
- Unconsciousness
- Convulsions
- Resp failure
- Coma
- Death
What is the class of tylenol?
- Analgesic (pain reliever) & antipyretic (fever reducer)
- Affects the CNS, inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on Tylenol?
Asymptomatic until 24hrs after
- Nausea/ vomiting
- Lethargy
- Abdo pain
- Can lead to liver failure
What is the class of gravol?
- Anticholinergic
- NVS affects- SNS
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on gravol?
- Increase HR, temp, dilated pupils, no bowel sounds, dry pt
What is the class of benadryl?
- Antihistamine
- Affects the CNS system by blocking histamine receptors
What are the s/s if exposed/ OD on benadryl?
- Altered LOC
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Fever
- Seizures
- Coma
