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Life Cycles > Week 8 - NOT ON EXAM 2 > Flashcards

Week 8 - NOT ON EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Critical Period

A

when development is RESPONSIVE to INFLUENCE

Time during which a developing system is especially vulnerable to injury

Thought to correspond to periods of rapid growth

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2
Q

Sensitive Period

A

developing system more amenable to acquisition of certain abilities (e.g. language input during first year of life), more sensitive to certain stimuli (e.g. parent smell), and more readily influenced by certain environmental factors → long term impact on development

Time when EXPOSURE to things SUFFICES in teaching rather than expending conscious effort to learn

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3
Q

Piaget - basis of his ideas?

A

cognitive development through interactions with the environment

Assimilation
Accommodation
Decalage
Stages of development

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

integration of new experience with past experiences and problem-solving based on past experiences

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5
Q

Accommodation

A

reorganization of mind based on discordance between new experience and past experiences in order to understand new experience

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6
Q

Decalage

A

unevenness in developmental progress across different cognitive abilities (walking vs. talking)

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7
Q

Stages of development (4)

A

1) Sensorimotor (birth to 18-24 months)
2) Preoperational (18-24 months to 7 years)
3) Concrete operations (7 to 12yrs)
4) Formal operations (12 yrs - adulthood)

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8
Q

Sensorimotor (birth to 18-24 months)

A

dependence on exploration of perceptual stimuli through sensory modalities - development of object permanence

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9
Q

Preoperational (18-24 months to 7 years)

A

language development, symbolic capacities, magical explanations, limited attention span and memory, egocentrism causality based on temporal or spatial nearness

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10
Q

Concrete operations (7 to 12yrs)

A

ability to conserve volume and quantity, reversibility of events, perspective taking, logical dialogue, complex causal sequences

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11
Q

Formal operations (12 yrs - adulthood)

A

manipulation of ideas and concepts, abstract reasoning, etc.

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12
Q

Bowlby - studied what?

A

attachment theory

Relationship with primary caregiver during infancy forms foundation for later well-being and personality development

Infants programmed to behave in ways that evoke care and ensure survival

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13
Q

Secure base

A

relationship with a person who provides comfort and safety and enables the infant/young child to explore the environment

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14
Q

Strange situation

A

experimental paradigm developed to determine attachment status

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15
Q

Defense mechanism (Freud) (9)

A 
Repression
Displacement
Sublimation
Denial
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Projection
Sublimation
Regression
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16
Q

Repression

A

hiding away wishes in the unconscious

17
Q

Displacement

A

symptoms (wishes/impulses) hidden in one area appear in another

18
Q

Sublimation

A

using energy from unfulfilled wishes/impulses in a constructive way

19
Q

Denial

A

failure to acknowledge a truth that produces anxiety

20
Q

Rationalization

A

actions based on one motive justified by a more acceptable motive

21
Q

Reaction formation

A

displaying a trait that is opposite of a repressed one

22
Q

Projection

A

attribute your own unacceptable impulses to another

23
Q

Sublimation

A

channeling instincts/wishes/impulses into socially accepted and valuable activity (e.g. painting)

24
Q

Regression

A

reverting to behaviors seen in earlier stages of development to obtain care/resources that alleviate anxiety

25
Q

____________ are key for neurodevelopment

A

EARLY relationships

26
Q

Newborns

APGAR score?
Communication?
Developmental tasks?

A

APGAR scores: HR, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex, irritability, color

“The 4th trimester”

Communication: initially through crying/distress and soothability

Developmental tasks: feeding, sleep and social interaction, movement, ability to calm themselves

27
Q

Infants: 0-12 months

Motor development (4)

A

1) Primitive reflexes disappear:
2) Posture - lifts head up prone (1 mo), rolls and sits (6 mo), crawls (8 mo), stands (10 mo), walks (12-18 mo)
3) Picks - passes toys hand to hand (6mo), Pincer grasp (10 mo)
4) Points to objects (12 mo)

28
Q

Infants: 0-12 months

Motor development – Primitive reflexes

A

-Moro (3 mo)
-Rooting (4 mo)
Palmar (6 mo)
Babinski (12 mo)

29
Q

Infants: 0-12 months

Social development (3)

A 
Social smile (2 mo)
Stranger anxiety (6 mo)
Separation anxiety (9 mo)
30
Q

Infants: 0-12 months

Verbal/cognitive development (3)

A

Orients - first to voice (4 mo), then to name and gestures (9 mo)
Object permanence (9 mo)
Oratory - says “mama” and “dada” by 10 mo

31
Q

Toddlers: 12-36 months

Motor development (5)

A 
Cruises - takes first steps (12 mo)
Climb stairs (18 mo)
Cubes stacked
Cultured - feeds self with fork and spoon (20 mo)
Kicks ball (24 mo)
32
Q

Toddlers: 12-36 months

Social development (3)

A

Recreation - parallel play (24-36 mo)
Rapprochement - moves away from and returns to mother (24 mo)
Realization - core gender identity (36 mo)

33
Q

Toddlers: 12-36 months

Cognitive/Verbal development (2)

A

Words - 200 words by age 2, 2 word sentences

34
Q

Preschoolers: 3-5 years

Motor Development (3)

A

Drive - tricycle
Drawings - copies line or circle, stick figure
Dexterity -hop on one foot (4 yr), use buttons/zippers, groom self (5 yrs)

35
Q

Preschoolers: 3-5 years

Social development (2)

A

Freedom - comfortably spends part of day away from mother (3 yr)
Friends - cooperative play has imaginary friends (4 yr)

36
Q

Preschoolers: 3-5 years

Cognitive/Verbal development (2)

A

Language - 1000 words by age 3, uses complete sentences and prepositions (4 yr)
Legends - can tell detailed stories (4 yr)

37
Q

Positive stress response

A

normal, essential part of healthy development, brief increases in HR, mild elevations in hormone levels

38
Q

Tolerable stress response

A

activates body’s alert systems to a greater degree due to more severe, long-lasting difficulties
Buffered by RELATIONSHIPS with adults

39
Q

Toxic stress

A

adversity and prolonged stress in the absence of buffering relationships

Life Cycles (8 decks)

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