Week 8: Intergroup Prejudice Flashcards
There are 2 camps in the implicit attitudes/ prejudice debate: The Greenwald camp and the Fazio and Olsen camp. What does each camp state?
The Greenwald camp states that implicit attitudes/ prejudice measures reflect biases which the participant is not aware.
The Fazio and Olsen camp states that since there is no way to measure whether or not people hold biases which they are unaware of, the implicit measure of the reaction time captures a lack of sufficient time for participants’ to inhibit their true biases.
In 1986 McConahay created 2 measurement scales called the OFRS and the MRS. What do these acronyms stand for?
OFRS = Old fashioned racism scale
MRS= Modern racism scale
These 3 criticisms relate to which scale?
i) the scale contains a confound between
prejudice and political conservatism;
ii) the scale items appear blatant rather
than subtle; and
iii) the scale items may have become
outdated.
These 3 criticisms relate to the MRS
i) the scale contains a confound between
prejudice and political conservatism;
ii) the scale items appear blatant rather
than subtle; and
iii) the scale items may have become
outdated.
IAT (the Implicit Association Test) difference score:
(ms) = mean latency for incompatible (white=bad, black=good) – mean latency for compatible (white=good, black=bad)
How is this score assessed?
The higher the positive difference score, the more implicit bias the participant has (the greater the preference for whites)
Olsen and Fazio’s 2009 Motivation and Opportunity as Determinants (MODE) Model states that motivation, and opportunity to control prejudice, moderate the attitude-behaviour and implicit-explicit correlation.
Describe the effects on the implicit/ explicit correlation in societies where political correctness is important/ not important, and the effects of prejudice on discrimination when political correctness is important.
In societies where political correctness is not important, correlation between implicit and explicit measures should be high, meaning that people will freely express their biases since they have no motivation to reduce them.
However, this is usually not the case, because political correctness is important in most societies, explaining why implicit/ explicit correlations are usually low. In this more common setting, prejudice is also less likely to cause discrimination.
According to Kubota, Banaji and Phelps (2012) the amygdala has been linked to ____ ____ ____ and the fusiform face area is involved in the rapid identification of ___ ____ individuals. The anterior cingulate cortex is thought to detect conflict between ___ ___ attitudes and conscious intentions to be nonbiased. When such conflicts are detected, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may ____ negative evaluations.
According to Kubota, Banaji and Phelps (2012) the amygdala has been linked to automatic race evaluations and the fusiform face area is involved in the rapid identification of other race individuals. The anterior cingulate cortex is thought to detect conflict between implicit race attitudes and conscious intentions to be nonbiased. When such conflicts are detected, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may regulate negative evaluations.
In 2003, Amodio, Harmon-Jones, & Devine created a measure using eye-blink rapidity to detect implicit bias. What does rapidity of eye blinking show?
Blink amplification/increases is associated with a negative affective response (e.g., viewing stimuli of a Black face).
Blink inhibition/ decreases is associated with a positive affective response such as showing white faces
National Multicultural Australian Council (1999) poll revealing that the __% of respondents thought the number of Asians settling in Australia was excessive
88%
What are Allport’s 4 conditions for his contact hypothesis?
- Equal status among group members
- Intergroup cooperation (rather than competition)
- Common goal to orient the contact
- Support from authority to establish norms of acceptance
What is Fiona’s ‘dual-identity’ theory?
Dual-identity refers to members of each group having their unique identity (eg christian/ muslim) and shared identity (eg Australian)
How does Fiona’s E-contact hypothesis adhere to Allport’s 4 conditions?
- Equal status of groups
- Intergroup cooperation
- working together for a common goal
- Sanctioned by an authority
- Equal status of the groups –> All students, could be same gender, contributing equally
- Intergroup cooperatively –> Working together to find solutions
- Common goal –> Creating better transitions from school to uni
- Sanctioned by authority–> Mediated by experimenters
How did Fiona’s Muslim/ Christian study achieve the cooperative goal condition?
They worked together to create environmental conservation solutions
In Fiona’s dual identity-electronic contact paradigm (DIEC), what was found using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) technology?
How does this relate to intergroup bias for T2, T3 and T4?
increased positive emotion words in the DIEC condition and more sad/ angry words in the control condition.
Intergroup bias reduction at T2, 3 & 4 was related to decreased use of sad/ angry words
What were the effects on stereotyping, anger, fear and pity as a result of intergourp e-contact between people with and without schizophrenia?
Stereotyping, anger, fear and pity were reduced for people who had intergroup e-contact with a person w schizophrenia
Hodson’s 2008 ‘prejudice prone zone’ represents how many CIs on the normal curve?
Hodson’s 2008 ‘prejudice prone zone’ represents 95%- 2 CI’s on the normal curve; the majority rather than extreme lefties or right wingers
