Week 8: Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Where was the First Industrial Revolution?
Britain
Where was the Second Industrial Revolution?
U.S, Europe and Japan
How could people tell if a nation was going to make it big in their industrialization?
If they had a large number of patents.
What causes the surge in Mental Illness amongst workers?
They feel as though they no longer have control over their lives.
What are the 3 main causes of population growth in the 18th century?
- Peace
- Potatoes
- Vaccines
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?
- Had new technology
- Advanced transportation
- Colonial market
- Central Banking
- Canal systems
- Private Wealth sector
- Protestantism
- Minimal government interferance
What were the “Articles of Paris”
A decree stating that France will only produce and deal in “luxury goods”.
What stalls progress in France?
The Guild System
What country is the most industrialized after Britain?
Belgium
What brings Belgium industrial success?
- Skilled workforce
- Government investment
What was Belgium known for producing?
Textiles
What is essential for German modernization?
Unification
What happens industrially after the German states unify?
Germany is on fire and becomes a powerhouse
What industry did the Netherlands find wealth through?
Ship-building
What 5 countries were very slow to adapt?
- Russia
- Austria
- Spain
- Italy
- Portugal
*largely due to poorer agrarian economies
Who invented the Seed Drill?
Jethro Tull
When did Jethro Tull invent the Seed Drill?
1701
What were enclosure laws?
- Laws passed to abolish publicly owned land
- British government public land to private entrepreneurs
- Entrepreneurs make massive farms with this land
- Creates fenced in land (allowing for large scale breeding of livestock)
Who advocated for the growing of turnips?
Charles “Turnip” Townshend
-Planting turnips once in a while cleaned the soil
-You couldn’t sell turnips but they were good to feed the animals with
What were the benefits of crop rotation?
- Higher crop yields
- Controls pests and disease
- Planting turnips once in a while cleaned the soil
What was the new mass textile production machine?
The Flying Shuttle
What was the new industrial spinning wheel machine called?
The Spinning Jenny
Who invented the Spinning Jenny?
James Hargreaves
What did the Spinning Jenny produce?
Cotton Yarn (en masse)
How many weavers could a single Spinning Jenny supply yarn to?
8
Cotton was first brought to Britain from ________
India
Why did cotton become the preferred clothing material?
- Cheaper
- Could be grown in more places
What material did cotton replace as England’s main fabric?
Wool
True or False:
There was a law stating that you could ONLY buy cotton produced in Britain.
TRUE
(This initially made cotton super expensive)
What invention made domestic British cotton cheap despite laws?
The Spinning Jenny
Who lost their monopoly due to the invention of the Spinning Jenny?
Indian cotton suppliers
What is the dark side of cotton?
- Forces the U.S to open a massive slave industry to meet high demands for cotton worldwide.
What improved methods inspire the growth of the coal and iron industries?
- Ventilation
- Water Removal
- Mining infrastructure
- Extraction methods
What 2 things power the modernization of Iron production?
- The Military
- The Railroads
With the growth of Iron production, what dominates rural landscapes?
Blast furnaces
Who heavily patented the Steam Engine?
James Watt
What is seen as the MOST important invention of the Industrial Revolution?
The Steam Engine
Why is the Steam Engine considered to be the most important invention of the industrial revolution?
- It made a more affordable, efficient, and reliable source of energy
What were the Economic impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (4)
- Irrevocable installation of Capitalism
- Rise of Factory driven economies
- Massive increase in productive output
- Huge technological innovation and expansion
What were the Social impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (5)
- Rise of isms
- New class divisions
- Rise of Labour movements
- Rise in Nationalism
- Expansion of beaurocracy and state responsibility
What were the Military impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (3)
- Colonial competition
- Rise of Imperialism
- Rise of Nationalism
What were the Social impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (8)
- Urbanization
- Disruption of family structure
- Social mobility improves
- Improves education and literacy rates
- New class divisions
- New calls for social reform (feminism, syndicalism, etc.)
- Rise of Psychology
- Environmental concerns
