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Modern Europe > Week 8: Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Week 8: Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Where was the First Industrial Revolution?

A

Britain

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2
Q

Where was the Second Industrial Revolution?

A

U.S, Europe and Japan

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3
Q

How could people tell if a nation was going to make it big in their industrialization?

A

If they had a large number of patents.

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4
Q

What causes the surge in Mental Illness amongst workers?

A

They feel as though they no longer have control over their lives.

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5
Q

What are the 3 main causes of population growth in the 18th century?

A
  • Peace
  • Potatoes
  • Vaccines
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6
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?

A
  • Had new technology
  • Advanced transportation
  • Colonial market
  • Central Banking
  • Canal systems
  • Private Wealth sector
  • Protestantism
  • Minimal government interferance
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7
Q

What were the “Articles of Paris”

A

A decree stating that France will only produce and deal in “luxury goods”.

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8
Q

What stalls progress in France?

A

The Guild System

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9
Q

What country is the most industrialized after Britain?

A

Belgium

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10
Q

What brings Belgium industrial success?

A
  • Skilled workforce
  • Government investment
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11
Q

What was Belgium known for producing?

A

Textiles

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12
Q

What is essential for German modernization?

A

Unification

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13
Q

What happens industrially after the German states unify?

A

Germany is on fire and becomes a powerhouse

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14
Q

What industry did the Netherlands find wealth through?

A

Ship-building

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15
Q

What 5 countries were very slow to adapt?

A
  • Russia
  • Austria
  • Spain
  • Italy
  • Portugal

*largely due to poorer agrarian economies

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16
Q

Who invented the Seed Drill?

A

Jethro Tull

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17
Q

When did Jethro Tull invent the Seed Drill?

A

1701

18
Q

What were enclosure laws?

A
  • Laws passed to abolish publicly owned land
  • British government public land to private entrepreneurs
  • Entrepreneurs make massive farms with this land
  • Creates fenced in land (allowing for large scale breeding of livestock)
19
Q

Who advocated for the growing of turnips?

A

Charles “Turnip” Townshend

-Planting turnips once in a while cleaned the soil
-You couldn’t sell turnips but they were good to feed the animals with

20
Q

What were the benefits of crop rotation?

A
  • Higher crop yields
  • Controls pests and disease
  • Planting turnips once in a while cleaned the soil
21
Q

What was the new mass textile production machine?

A

The Flying Shuttle

22
Q

What was the new industrial spinning wheel machine called?

A

The Spinning Jenny

23
Q

Who invented the Spinning Jenny?

A

James Hargreaves

24
Q

What did the Spinning Jenny produce?

A

Cotton Yarn (en masse)

25
Q

How many weavers could a single Spinning Jenny supply yarn to?

A

8

26
Q

Cotton was first brought to Britain from ________

A

India

27
Q

Why did cotton become the preferred clothing material?

A
  • Cheaper
  • Could be grown in more places
28
Q

What material did cotton replace as England’s main fabric?

A

Wool

29
Q

True or False:

There was a law stating that you could ONLY buy cotton produced in Britain.

A

TRUE

(This initially made cotton super expensive)

30
Q

What invention made domestic British cotton cheap despite laws?

A

The Spinning Jenny

31
Q

Who lost their monopoly due to the invention of the Spinning Jenny?

A

Indian cotton suppliers

32
Q

What is the dark side of cotton?

A
  • Forces the U.S to open a massive slave industry to meet high demands for cotton worldwide.
33
Q

What improved methods inspire the growth of the coal and iron industries?

A
  • Ventilation
  • Water Removal
  • Mining infrastructure
  • Extraction methods
34
Q

What 2 things power the modernization of Iron production?

A
  • The Military
  • The Railroads
35
Q

With the growth of Iron production, what dominates rural landscapes?

A

Blast furnaces

36
Q

Who heavily patented the Steam Engine?

A

James Watt

37
Q

What is seen as the MOST important invention of the Industrial Revolution?

A

The Steam Engine

38
Q

Why is the Steam Engine considered to be the most important invention of the industrial revolution?

A
  • It made a more affordable, efficient, and reliable source of energy
39
Q

What were the Economic impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (4)

A
  • Irrevocable installation of Capitalism
  • Rise of Factory driven economies
  • Massive increase in productive output
  • Huge technological innovation and expansion
40
Q

What were the Social impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (5)

A
  • Rise of isms
  • New class divisions
  • Rise of Labour movements
  • Rise in Nationalism
  • Expansion of beaurocracy and state responsibility
41
Q

What were the Military impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (3)

A
  • Colonial competition
  • Rise of Imperialism
  • Rise of Nationalism
42
Q

What were the Social impacts of the Industrial Revolution? (8)

A
  • Urbanization
  • Disruption of family structure
  • Social mobility improves
  • Improves education and literacy rates
  • New class divisions
  • New calls for social reform (feminism, syndicalism, etc.)
  • Rise of Psychology
  • Environmental concerns

Modern Europe (8 decks)

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