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Chemistry I > Week # 8 Diffusion, Mixtures & Solutions > Flashcards

Week # 8 Diffusion, Mixtures & Solutions Flashcards

Fick Rules!

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1
Q

What is a permeable membrane?

A

a thin membrane of material through which either liquid or gas molecules will pass

(not specific)

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2
Q

What is a semi-permeable membrane?

A

is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion

(specific or selectively permeable)

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3
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of solute molecules from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration

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4
Q

Where does the energy to drive diffusion come from?

A

entropy

this is the process of net movement of one type of molecule through space as a result of random motion

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5
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Net movement of solvent is from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution, which tends to reduce the difference in concentrations

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6
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

the potential drive for the concentration of water to equalize.

(or the push from fluid)

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7
Q

What is oncotic pressure?

A

the overall osmotic effect of colloids

or the pull from proteins

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8
Q

What are the 4 primary forces that determine fluid movement through the capillary membrane?

A
  1. capillary pressure (osmotic water push)
  2. interstitial fluid pressure (osmotic water push)
  3. plasma colloid pressure (protein pull)
  4. interstitial fluid colloid pressure (protein pull)
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9
Q

What are the 3 requirements for osmosis to occur?

A
  1. pressure gradient (high to low)
  2. semipermeable membrane to water only
  3. time
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10
Q

What is an osmole?

A

The standard unit of osmotic pressure based on one molar concentration of an ion in a solution

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11
Q

What is osmolality?

A

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

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12
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

The number of moles of solute per litre of solution

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13
Q

What is the normal plasma oncotic pressure?

A
  • 25 mmHg
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14
Q

What is the normal plasma osmolality?

A

280 - 290 mOsm/L

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15
Q

Fick’s Law of gas diffusion describes what?

A

the rate of diffusion across a membrane

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16
Q

What 3 things are directly proportional to diffusion in Fick’s gas equation?

A
  1. concentration gradient
  2. membrane surface area
  3. solubility of gas in membrane
17
Q

Which two things are inversely proportional to diffusion in Fick’s gas equation?

A
  1. membrane thickness

2. square root of the molecular weight
the bigger it is, the slower it’ll diffuse

18
Q

What 3 factors are important for non-gas diffusion?

A
  1. gradient (concentration and electrochemical)
  2. lipid solubility
  3. size
19
Q

What does Graham’s Law state?

A

that the rate of effusion, or the movement of gas through a small opening, is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular mass

(or, the bigger it is, the slower the gas will move through small openings)

20
Q

Based on Graham’s Law, which gas will diffuse/effuse faster: helium or oxygen?

A

helium, because it is smaller

21
Q

Who’s law explains diffusion hypoxia?

A

Fick’s Law, cause he’s bad ass.

you would think it would be Graham, but his law is basically a piece of Fick’s Law.

22
Q

A colloid consists of _____ + ______.

A

liquid and liquid (propofol)

23
Q

When you increase the temperature of a gas, will the solubility of that gas increase or decrease?

A

decrease

a hypothermic patient will be slower to wake up since the anesthetic gas is more soluble

24
Q

When you increase the temperature of a liquid, will the solubility of that liquid increase or decrease?

A

increase

25
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

by increasing the gas above a liquid, more gas will be in the liquid

(giving 100% oxygen will increase PaO2)

26
Q

What is the Ostwald coefficient?

A

The quantity of solvent needed to dissolve a quantity of gas at a given temperature and pressure

(gas/liquid NOT corrected)

27
Q

What is the Bunsen coefficient?

A

the amount of gas in a liquid at 273.15 Kelvin and 101.3 pKa

gas/liquid CORRECTED

28
Q

What is partition coefficient?

A

the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two immiscible phases at equilibrium

(two phases at a given temp)

29
Q

How many micrograms per milliliter is 1:200,000 epinephrine?

A

5mcg/mL

30
Q

How many micrograms per milliliter is 1:100,000 epinephrine?

A

10mcg/mL

31
Q

How many micrograms per milliliter is 1:1,000 epinephrine?

A

1000mcg/mL (or 1mg/mL)

32
Q

How many milligrams per milliliter do you get with a 1% solution?

A

10mg/mL

33
Q

How many milligrams per milliliter do you get with a 2% solution?

A

20mg/mL

34
Q

How many milligrams per milliliter do you get with a 0.1% solution?

A

1mg/mL

Chemistry I (6 decks)

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