Week 8 Definitions - Neoplasia 1

Question 1

How is a malignant neoplasm defined?

Answer 1

An abnormal growth of cells that persists after the initial stimulus is removed, and that invades the surrounding tissue with the potential to spread to different sites.

Question 2

What is a tumour?

Answer 2

Any clinically detectable lump or swelling

Question 3

Does neoplasm = tumour?

Answer 3

No -
A neoplasm is just one type of tumour
A neoplasm may not be a tumour, e.g. blood cancers

Question 4

What is cancer defined as?

Answer 4

A malignant neoplasm

Question 5

What is a metastasis?

Answer 5

A malignant neoplasm which has spread from its original site to a new, non-contiguous site.

Question 6

What is dysplasia?

Answer 6

A pre-neoplastic alteration in which cells show disordered tissue organisation. It is, however, reversible.

Question 7

What does the term “anaplastic” mean?

Answer 7

Cells have no resemblance to any tissue type

Question 8

What is the term used to describe the fact that cells have increased nuclear staining?

Answer 8

Hyperchromasia

Question 9

What does “pleomorphism” mean?

Answer 9

Cells and their nuclei are of increasingly varied size and shape

Question 10

What is the ending used to describe benign neoplasms?

Answer 10

-oma

Question 11

What two terms are used to describe malignant neoplasms, and which general tissue types do they affect?

Answer 11

carcinoma - epithelia

sarcoma - stroma

Question 12

What is “leukaemia”?

Answer 12

Malignant neoplasm of blood-forming cells, arising in the bone marrow

Question 13

What is a “lymphoma”?

Answer 13

A malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes, mainly affecting the lymph nodes

Question 14

What is a myeloma?

Answer 14

A malignant neoplasm of plasma cells

Question 15

Where do germ cell neoplasms arise from?

Answer 15

Pluripotent cells, mainly in the ovary and testes

Question 16

What is a “blastoma”?

Answer 16

A neoplasm formed from immature precursor cells.

They mainly affect children

Question 17

What is a benign tumour of glandular epithelia called?

Answer 17

Adenoma

Question 18

Is the following benign or malignant?

Squamous papilloma

Answer 18

Benign

Question 19

Is the following benign or malignant?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 19

Malignant

Question 20

What would you call a malignant tumour of the bone?

Answer 20

Osteosarcoma

Question 21

Leiomyoma -
Benign or malignant?
Tissue type?

Answer 21

Benign

Smooth muscle

Question 22

What is the malignant form of a lipoma?

Answer 22

Liposarcoma

Question 23

What is the benign form of a malignant glioma?

Answer 23

Glioma

Question 24

Are lymphoid and haematopoietic neoplasms ever benign?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What is a neoplasm of the lymphoid tissue called?

Answer 25

Lymphoma

Question 26

Is a lymphoma benign or malignant?

Answer 26

Malignant

Question 27

What is a cancer of the bone marrow called?

Answer 27

Leukaemia

Question 28

Give two examples of testicular neoplasms.

Are they usually benign or malignant?

Answer 28

Teratoma
Seminoma

Malignant

Question 29

Are tumours of the ovary usually benign?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Give an example of a neuroendocrine tumour

Answer 30

Phaeochromocytoma (adrenal glands)

Question 31

What is a neoplasm?

Answer 31

An abnormal growth of cells that persists after the original stimulus is removed. The change is irreversible.

Question 32

What tissue type does a neurofibroma affect?

Answer 32

Nerve sheath

Question 33

What is a benign tumour of the nerve called?

Answer 33

Neuroma