Week 8 - Body Composition

Question 1

what percentage of body fat is essential?

Answer 1

3% for men
12% for women

Question 2

what is hyperplasia?

Answer 2

increase in the reproduction rate of (new) body (fat) cells

Question 3

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 3

increase in the size of existing fat cells

Question 4

what is healthy body fat range?

Answer 4

12-15% for males
25-28% for females

Question 5

how do genetics effect body composition?

Answer 5

• leptin, MCR3
• height, weight, metabolism, and fat storage
• epigenetic framework and regulation of adiposity

Question 6

how does the gut microbiome influence body composition?

Answer 6

• changes in gut microbiome may be linked to metabolic dysfunction
• dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) leading to inflammation

Question 7

what are the three core principles of HAES?

Answer 7

1. intuitive eating
2. body acceptance regardless of health and shape
3. physical activity for movement and health rather than for performance or vanity

Question 8

what are the three criteria for a diagnosis of anorexia?

Answer 8

1. restriction of calories below that required to maintain weight in an individual context
2. an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain
3. a disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, unawareness of severity of being underweight

Question 9

what are the 4 diagnostic criteria for bulimia?

Answer 9

1. recurrent episodes of binge eating in a discrete period (<2 hours) at least once per week over 3+ months
2. recurrent behaviour to prevent weight gain such as vomiting, laxatives, medication, diuretics, excessive exercise
3. a self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight
4. symptoms that indicate the disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia

Question 10

What are the diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder?

Answer 10

• episodes of binge eating at least once a week for three months
• binge eating includes 3 or more of the following:
  eating much faster than normal
  eating until uncomfortably full
  eating large amount regardless of hunger cues
  eating alone due to embarrassment about the type and quantity of food
  feelings of self-disgust, guilt, and depression