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Hacking your Health (TEU00361) > Week 8: Assessment of Fitness (Cardio Pulmonary Exercise Testing) > Flashcards

Week 8: Assessment of Fitness (Cardio Pulmonary Exercise Testing) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main purpose of clinical exercise tests?

A
  • To evaluate the level of exercise tolerance in athletes, general population or in patients with specific conditions
  • To conduct functional, diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of chronic diseases such as COPD or CAD
  • To assess the risk of patients before major surgery
  • To evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions (for example, cardiac or pulmonary rehabilitation)
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2
Q

What should patients avoid doing before the test?

A
  • Avoid eating for at least 2 hours prior to the test.
  • Avoid consuming alcohol and caffeine at least 24 hours prior to the test.
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3
Q

What does the preliminary clinical evaluation and general interview of the patient prior to the test include?

A
  1. Height and weight
  2. Present and past clinical history and physical activity questionnaires
  3. Physical examination
  4. Haemoglobin levels in the blood
  5. And a 12-lead ECG
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4
Q

What is spirometry used to determine?

A

Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second.

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5
Q

What is forced vital capacity?

A

The volume of air that can be forcibly blown out after full inspiration (measured in litres).

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6
Q

What is the FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

The ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first one second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs (i.e., the proportion of VC exhaled in the first second).

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7
Q

What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Normal range is above 0.75-0.85, but this value is age-dependent.

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8
Q

What is the FEV1/FVC ratio used in?

A

Used in the diagnoses of obstructive and restrictive lung disease.

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9
Q

What is the suggested room temperature for a cardio pulmonary test?

A

20 degrees C.

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10
Q

What is a cycle ergometer?

A

A stationary exercise bike that measures the amount of work done by pedalling.

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11
Q

What is the RAMP incremental protocol?

A

The linear increased loading (RAMP) incremental test is a method commonly used to evaluate physical performance in a laboratory.

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12
Q

Why is a 12-lead ECG used in a cardio pulmonary test?

A

For detection of exercise induced cardiac ischemia (reducing the heart muscles ability to pump blood) and arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythm).

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13
Q

Why are frequent blood pressure readings taken during a cardio pulmonary test?

A

For detection of exercise induced hypertension or hypotension.

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14
Q

What is non-invasive oximetry useful for?

A

To measure continuous O2 saturation.

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15
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Shortness of breath.

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16
Q

What is angina?

A

A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

17
Q

What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

A

A condition where a built-up of fatty plaques in the arteries (called atherosclerosis) restrict blood supply to the legs and lower extremities.

18
Q

What is the ventilatory threshold?

A

The point at which aerobic metabolism cannot meet the energy demands of the body. At this point anaerobic metabolism supplements the aerobic production of ATP and the increasing carbon dioxide production becomes greater than the increase in oxygen consumption.

19
Q

What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?

A

The ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen consumption per unit time.

20
Q

What happens to ventilation rates and RER when a person reaches their ventilatory threshold?

A

Ventilation starts to increase at a faster rate than oxygen consumption, and RER becomes greater than one.

21
Q

Why is the patient instructed to keep pedalling slowly even after the resistance is taken away?

A

As a cool down - to prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure or blood pooling in the legs.

22
Q

What can be determines from the measurements recorded during a cardio pulmonary exercise test?

A

The limiting factors to exercise tolerance can be determined.

23
Q

What are two important indicators of functional capacity for cardiovascular fitness of the patient during a cardio pulmonary exam?

A
  1. Maximal or peak oxygen uptake
  2. Ventilatory threshold
24
Q

What is VO2max?

A

The maximum or optimum rate at which the heart, lungs, and muscles can effectively use oxygen during exercise, used as a way of measuring a person’s individual aerobic capacity.

25
Q

What is peak VO2?

A

The highest value for oxygen uptake achieved during the test - which might be equal to VO2 max but is often less and had a volitional component in that the subject will stop the test.

26
Q

What is meant by a true VO2max?

A

A true VO2 max is the point where VO2 plateaus despite an increase in work rate and has no volitional component as it represents a physiological endpoint.

27
Q

What is often used as a secondary endpoint criterion of a VO2 max test?

A

RER greater that 1.1

Hacking your Health (TEU00361) (7 decks)

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